Water has a ________________________ 11.3 Oceans and Climate Water has a ________________________ Water heats up and cools down _______________, and can absorb ___________________________________________.  Oceans can store and transport _________________of energy Oceans influence weather through the __________________ Weather tracked over many years = ________________ Climates ______________________ around the world Climate measures t_____________ + _________________________ > ____ years See page 428 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

How Oceans Affect Weather Through ________________, heat energy transfers from the __________________to the air, and this warm air _____ The warm “bubble” of air is called a _______________ The thermal rises until it ________________, and then drops back down again. This process of heat transfer is called ___________. _________is the warming ocean effect that occurs some years in December off the Pacific coast of Ecuador. El Niño can change the weather around the world, including ________________________, and droughts in Africa and Australia. Changing ocean temperatures also cause _________________ to change behaviours. ___________________is a cooling of similar waters, and produces almost the __________________ effects of El Niño. See page 430 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

The Moderating Effect of Oceans on Climate Oceans can make ______, northern locations _________ Locations like _______________________________________benefit Because of water’s high heat capacity, heat energy can be carried from _____________________by currents like the _______ ______ (in England and Norway) or the ________________(in BC). As the warm water ___________________, it carries energy over the _______________________ of the province. __________block the warmth from reaching into the interior. Edmonton and Manchester, England are the same _________ Edmonton, Alberta January average temperature = 7 C Manchester, England January average temperature = +6 C See pages 431 - 432 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

The Moderating Effect of Oceans on Climate (continued) For these reasons, we can see considerable _______________________ between locations at the same approximate latitude (_____________________________) in BC See pages 431 - 432 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007