Injury Prevention Jenna Bidoglio, ATC Belleville High School

Injury Prevention Concepts Pre-Participation Physical Exam Dynamic and static stretching and flexibility Strength and conditioning Sport specific injury prevention programs Nutrition Environment Equipment and proper fitting

Causative factors of injury Intrinsic Factors Age Gender Body size Injury history Fitness level Muscle strength/flexibility

Causative factors of injury Extrinsic factors: Equipment Environment Type of activity Conditioning errors

Intervention: Pre-participation Physical Exam (PPE) Annual physical exam Primary Purpose: identify preexisting injury risk factors or preexisting injuries/diseases Postural problems High blood pressure Cardiac defects/arrhythmias Allergies Vision deficits Skin disorders

Types of PPE Office-based works well when physician is familiar with the athletes medical history Limited Lack of sports medicine knowledge Cost Station-based screening is useful for examining large groups of athletes Large, noisy Physician doesn’t know medical history Lack of privacy

Parts of PPE Cardiovascular: Listen for murmur and arrhythmias Lungs: Normal respiratory rate, normal sounds Skin: Infections, eczema, acne Abdomen: organomegaly Hernia Neurological Balance Sensation

PPE Continued… Health history Height and weight Predisposing family history (cardiac, sudden death) Athletes medical/injury history (head injury, ankle sprain, asthma, cardiac, substance abuse, blood-borne illness, etc.) Height and weight Blood pressure and pulse Vision screen Orthopedic screen

Other Screening and Baseline Testing EKG (electrocardiogram) – tests for problems with the electrical activity of the heart ImPACT Concussion Test Lab screening: Sickle Cell Top 4 in non-traumatic sports deaths in high school and college athletes 1 in 12 African Americans have the trait Heat, dehydration, asthma, and altitude can increase the risk Sickle shape will stick to blood vessel walls which will slow or stop the flow of blood which stops oxygen from reaching nearby tissue causing severe pain and over time, organ damage

Other Injury Prevention Screening Functional Movement Screen Y Balance Testing