Bellwork What is force and how do forces affect motion? Define force and give examples in complete sentences using the SF. SF: To me, force is ___________. One example of how forces affect motion is ____________. Five minutes to complete bellwork and be prepared to share.

Newton’s Laws of Motions It’s the Law!

NGSS MS-PS2-1. Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.* MS-PS2-2. Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.

Objectives Content Objectives Language Objectives Identify Newton’s Laws of Motion in order. Calculate the applied force, the mass, or the acceleration of an object using F=ma. Identify action forces and reaction forces in a given scenario. Define force, speed, acceleration, velocity, inertia, motion, balanced force, unbalanced force, friction, and work. Participate in a think-pair-share and discuss the difference between balanced and unbalanced force and inertia. Using the SF, write and share what are the action forces and reaction forces for a given scenario: “The action force is _______. The reaction force is _________.

Vocabulary *this should go into your science dictionary. Force: a push or a pull. It is expressed in Newton or “N”. Speed: the rate at which someone or something is able to move. Acceleration: increase in the rate or speed of something. Velocity: the speed of an object in a particular direction. Inertia: the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion unless an outside force acts on the object.

Vocabulary continuation Motion: an object’s change in position relative to a reference point. Unbalanced Force: when unequal forces cause the object(s) to move. Balanced force: when two equal forces act on an object. Generally, does not move. Friction: is a force that holds back the movement of a sliding object. Work: amount of energy transferred by force.

Dotted Line means FOLD. Solid line means CUT.

The change in distance over a specific amount of time. R=d/t

Is speed in a given direction. Speed & Direction Ex. 55 mph North

Is a change in speed or velocity over a specific amount of time. Speeding up, slowing down, change in direction

Important formulas: Distance d = rt Speed or rate r = d/t Time t= d/r

Dotted Line means FOLD. Solid line means CUT.

Information that should be behind this picture: Born January 4, 1643. Died March 31, 1727. Came up with the Laws of Motion. Discovered Gravity. Famous Mathematician.

Information that should be behind this picture: An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion remains in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Law of Inertia.

Newton’s First Law of Motion The First Law is also called the Law of Inertia. An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at the same speed and direction, unless it experiences an unbalanced force. An object will not move until a force makes it move. Examples: a chair will not slide across the floor unless a force pushes the chair, and a golf ball will not leave the tee until a force pushes it off.

Think-Pair-Share Look at the picture below and think of the answers to the questions. What do you think will happen if the wall was not there? What is the unbalanced force in this picture? What is the balanced force in the picture? What happened to the driver in this pictures? That is why it is important to wear your seatbelts! It’s also the LAW!

Let’s practice applying speed into the formula. Rate=distance/time or r=d/t A football field is about 100 m long. If it takes a person 20 seconds to run its length, how fast (what speed) were they running?

Information that should be behind this picture: Force = mass x acceleration. Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). Acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 downward

Newton’s Second Law of Motion The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. Objects that have different masses will have different accelerations (increase in the rate or speed) if the same amount of force is applied. Example: Imagine pushing a shopping cart. When the cart is empty, you need only a small amount of force to accelerate. But if the cart is full of groceries, the same amount of force causes a much smaller acceleration. Force= Mass times Acceleration (F=M x A or F =ma). F=applied force, m= mass, a=acceleration. Force is expressed in Newton or “N”

Now let’s apply some math into Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion: This player trains by pushing a massive object. The mass of the object is 75 kg and the acceleration is 2 m/s2, what is the amount of force being applied by the football player? First, what is the equation for Newton’s Second Law of Motion? Now, identify the mass. Mass is usually expressed in grams or kilograms. Now what is the acceleration? Now plug all your information into the equation F=ma F=Mass (75kg) x Acceleration (2 m/s2). Now F=75kg x 2 m/s2 F= 150 N

Now what if there’s friction or air resistance? An object of mass 30 kg is falling in air and experiences a force due to air resistance of 50 newton.  Determine the net force acting on the object and calculate the acceleration of the object. Gather all your information. We know that the mass is 30 kg. We know that it experiences a force due to air resistance/friction of 50 N. What is the acceleration of gravity? 9.8 m/s2 We now have to find the net force, in which we will use F=ma F=(30kg) x (9.8 m/s2) = 294N, now we take 294N and subtract 50 N (friction/air resistance from the net force). F=294N – 50N= 244N (net force) Now that we know that net force, let’s solve for acceleration. We know that force=244N and mass is 30kg, we have to use the acceleration formula which is a=F/m a=240N/30kg, so a= 8 m/s2

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Information that should be behind this picture: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. All forces act in pairs. There are action forces and reaction forces. Action and reaction forces are present even when there is no motion. Example: you exert a force on a chair when you sit on it. Your weight pushing down on the chair is the action force. The reaction force is the force exerted by the chair that pushes your body up.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion A soccer ball falls to the ground and bounces. What is the action force? What is the reaction force? Explanation: The action force is gravity pulling the ball toward Earth and the reaction force pulls Earth towards the ball. But why can we see Earth being pulled towards the ball or the reaction force? Because action and reaction forces are equal in size. Also, the mass of Earth is much bigger than the ball, so the acceleration of Earth is much slower because it’s mass is bigger.

Book sitting on a shelf. Someone flying through a car windshield when stopping suddenly. Leaning to the side in a quickly turning vehicle.

A tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged.

The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

Force= Mass x Acceleration 1N= 1kg x m/s2 F= ma Mass= .42 kg Acceleration= 25 m/s F= .42 kg x 25 m/s F= 10. 5 N Acceleration= Force/mass Force= 20 N or 20 kg x m/s2 Mass= 5 kg Acceleration=20 N/5kg A= 4 m/s2 F= m x a Mass= 300 kg Acceleration=4 m/s2 Force= 300 kg x 4 m/s2 F= 1200 N

Question: What is Newton’s First Law of Motion? Newton’s First Law states that ___________________________________. It is also known as the _____________________________.

Give an example of Newton’s First Law of Motion. One example of Newton’s First Law is _______________________ because _________________________.

You are going to create pockets in your notebook.

Cut these examples and place them in the proper pockets. 1st 3rd Cut these examples and place them in the proper pockets. 3rd 1st 2nd 1st 3rd 2nd 1st 2nd

Question: What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion? Newton’s Second Law states that ___________________________________.

Give one example of Newton’s Second Law of Motion. One example of Newton’s Second Law is _______________________ because _________________________.

When a rocket ignites, the thrust from the engine goes towards the earth, but the rocket moves up in the opposite direction If I were standing on a skateboard and pushed to the wall, I would move in the opposite direction. The air would exit the opening in one direction and the balloon would fly towards the opposite direction.

Question: What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion? Newton’s Third Law states that ___________________________________.

Give one example of Newton’s Third Law of Motion. One example of Newton’s Third Law is _______________________ because _________________________.

The amount of matter in an object. The amount of gravity exerted on an object. They both can be measured. Both are properties of matter. On earth they stay the same mass and weight, but if you go to space, weight will change. It’s always constant (same) no matter the location. Weight depends on the location of the object. Grams, kilograms, milligrams (g, kg, mg) Newton or N. Spring Scale Balance

Describing Motion of a Line Speed is constant. Never changes in speed The object is not moving. Time is changing, but distance is not.

Object is turning back, it is heading back to its starting location. The object is accelerating, it is moving faster.

When unequal forces cause an object to move. When two equal forces act on an object in opposite direction. Generally not moving. When unequal forces cause an object to move. The overall force acting on an object. Expressed in Newtons (N).

Give one example of balanced force and unbalanced force. One example of balanced force is _______________________. This is a balanced force because_________________________. One example of unbalanced force is ______________________. This is an unbalanced force because________________________.

Balanced or unbalanced?

Things to remember when calculating net force: You must have the unit of measurement which is N and direction. When the force being applied is going towards the same direction, you add the two forces together. When the force being applied are going towards the opposite direction, you subtract the smaller force from the bigger force. When the force applied on the object has the same force but are going towards different directions, it is an unbalanced force. The object is not moving. Add Add Subtract Subtract

Canned Question Activity: You will be given a question to answer. You will use the given sentence frame to answer the question. You will share your answer. You have 4 minutes to complete this activity.

So, did we…? Content Objectives Language Objectives Identify Newton’s Laws of Motion in order. Calculate the applied force, the mass, or the acceleration of an object using F=ma. Identify action forces and reaction forces in a given scenario. Define force, speed, acceleration, velocity, inertia, motion, balanced force, unbalanced force, friction, and work. Participate in a think-pair-share and discuss the difference between balanced and unbalanced force and inertia.