Jamaica Kathryn Kelley

Auvil, J. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. travelchannel Bailey, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/intro/typical_family.shtml Julian, S. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jamaicatravelandculture.com/food_and_drink.htm Payne-Jackson, A., Alleyne, M. C., & Bishop, M. (2007). Jamaican Folk Medicine. Caribbean Quarterly, 53(4), 99. doi:103 (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica   References

Local Food Resources Seafood: lobster, red snapper, mackerel, cod, kingfish, jack, whiting, bonito, and tuna Fruit & Vegetables: scotch bonnet peppers, Callaloo, green bananas, plantains coconuts, ackee, Acerola, avocado, Calabaza, chayote, Yucca, garlic, ginger, guava, jackfruit, passion fruit, pineapple, Roselle, onion Many crops were intoduced from tropical southeast asia 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became one of the world's leading sugar-exporting, slave-dependent nations,

Food Influences Indigenous people on the islands: Arawak and Taino from South America Other inhabitants: Spanish( first European arrivals) contributed the escovitched fish concoction The Cantonese/Hakka developed the Jamaican patty, an empanada styled turnover filled with spiced meat The African cuisine came from slaves that were controlled by the Europeans Indian indentured laborers- curry Chinese indentured laborers British- many years of British colonialism Spanish were the first european arrivals so they contributed to many of the dishes African cuisine developed on the island as a result of the waves of slavery introduced by the Europeans They also have chinese and east indian influences from the people who came as indentured workers that replaced slaves after emancipation. They brought the curry that Jamaicans use to season goat meat. British influened as well after spanish influence because there were many years of british colonialism Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, in 1655 it came under the rule of England (later Great Britain), and was called Jamaica. It achieved full independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.

Factors That Affect Food Choices Christianity is the main religion High levels of crime and violence The Christian faith gained acceptance as British Christian abolitionists and Baptist missionaries joined educated former slaves in the struggle against slavery

Food Patterns

Popular dishes Curry goat Jamaican Patties (fried dumplings) Ackee and salt fish Fried plantain Rice and peas Fruit beverages Jamaican rum Jamaican patties had cantonese/hakka influence

Jamaican Cuisine Very diverse Rastafarian influence- vegetarian approach to preparing food, cooking, and eating Introduced many vegetarian dishes Don’t eat pork Cooking with little or no salt Strict ones don’t eat any meat. Try to eat “ital” eating healthy and naturally

Jamaican Cuisine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BvkSVsmBe4

Geography and Environment Island country situated in the Caribbean Sea Third largest island in Caribbean Mountains dominate the island, including Blue Mountains Surrounded by a narrow coastal plain The island was mostly forests until the Spanish came and cleared land

Climate Tropical, with hot and humid weather Higher inland regions are more temperate Some regions in South coast are relatively dry rain-shadow areas Lies in the hurricane belt of the Atlantic Ocean Because of the hurricanes they suffer significant storm damage occasionally

Family Factors Jamaican family includes a close-knit web of aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents Provide emotional and economic support Very close to each other, most important group a person belongs to

Economy Major Sectors: agriculture, mining, manufacturing, tourism Agricultural exports: sugar, bananas, citrus, coffee, rum, and yams

Health Concerns chronic non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, and nutritional disorders Economic access to food is a major cause of nutritional problems Many live under the poverty line and in rural dwellings high level of malnutrition observed with a high level of unemployment The leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Jamaica are chronic non-communicable diseases, namely cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, and nutritional disorders

Nutrition Related Concerns Iron deficiency anemia: Preschool children, pregnant and lactating women Vitamin A Deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency Vegetarian/vegan diets Covering body Iron deficiency anemia is of public health concern in Jamaica.  It is especially high among preschool children, pregnant and lactating women Sunlight is the major source of vitamin D and people who for cultural or religious reasons cover their whole bodies when outdoors are at risk of deficiency, as are those whose diets (vegetarian/vegan) do not contain an adequate vitamin D supply which is common because of the rastafarian influences

References Auvil, J. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.travelchannel.com/interests/food- and-drink/articles/the-best-jamaican-cuisine Bailey, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/intro/typical_family.shtml Julian, S. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jamaicatravelandculture.com/food_and_drink.htm Payne-Jackson, A., Alleyne, M. C., & Bishop, M. (2007). Jamaican Folk Medicine. Caribbean Quarterly, 53(4), 99. doi:103 (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the- world-factbook/geos/jm.html Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica