Environmental Science Do Now Wednesday, 9/27/17 Do Now: Take your Do Now sheet out and complete.. What was the purpose of the Teddy Graham Lab? What were the two types of teddy grahams in the lab? Which teddy graham had an advantage and was better suited to survive? Which teddy graham had a disadvantage and was least suitable for survival? Which article did you read yesterday, MRSA or Pesticide-Resistance? What was the main idea of your article?

Environmental Science Do Now Wednesday, 9/27/17 ANSWER KEY The purpose of the Teddy Graham Lab was to determine which type of Teddy Graham was betted adapted to survive the attacks from the Teddy Graham-eating monsters. The two types of teddy grahams in the lab were “happy” and “sad”. The “sad” teddy grahams had an advantage and were better suited to survive because the Teddy Graham-eating monsters didn’t like how they tasted. The “happy” teddy grahams had a disadvantage and were less suited to survive because the Teddy Graham-eating monsters liked how they tasted. Which article did you read yesterday, MRSA or Pesticide-Resistance? Answer will vary. The main idea of the MRSA article was that there has been an increase in the type of Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to the antibiotic methiciliin. The main idea of the Pesticide-Resistant article was there has been an increase in the number of pests that have become resistant to pesticides.

Reminders of Important Dates Back to School Night will occur on TONIGHT, September 27, 2017 from 5:30 – 7:30 pm. Meet NEA business partners/Raffles Students &/or Parents who come out will earn a bonus test grade of 100% (You must come to my classroom! If I don’t see you, you weren’t here!!!) 1st Quarter Progress report grades close on Wednesday, October 4, 2017. If you are failing a class, you have 7 more days to improve your grade before progress report grades are finalized! Seed germination lab report is due on Monday, October 2, 2017.

Tonight’s Homework Use your notes on evolution through natural selection to write 6-8 sentence summary of the process.

Objective Students will know the mechanism of evolution through natural selection by taking notes, completing a worksheet on natural selection (P.O.G.I.L.) and answering exit ticket questions. Mastery: 70% (21/30) or better on the natural selection worksheet (P.O.G.I.L.)

Engage What is MRSA? Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYjj91_29aw   What is pesticide-resistance? Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcnhK9j2tyQ

New Vocabulary Words Evolution Adaptation Natural selection Artificial selection Mutation Survival of the Fittest Reproduction

Explore Students will play the Peppered Moth Simulation on their cell phones. The peppered moth simulation shows how humans indirectly caused a shift in the moth population during the Industrial Revolution   Source: https://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/pepperedmoth.html

Evolution through Natural Selection PPT (students will copy the notes) Explain

Darwin & Evolution by Natural Selection Insect eaters Bud eater Seed eaters Cactus eater Warbler finch Tree finches Ground finches 2006-2007

Charles Darwin Proposed a way how evolution works How did creatures change over time? by natural selection Collected a lot of evidence to support his ideas 1809-1882 British naturalist What did Darwin say? What evidence supports Evolution by Natural Selection? What impact did Evolution have on biology?

Voyage of the HMS Beagle Invited to travel around the world 1831-1836 (22 years old!) makes many observations of nature main mission of the Beagle was to chart South American coastline After graduation Darwin was recommended to be the conversation companion to Captain Robert FitzRoy, preparing the survey ship Beagle for a voyage around the world. FitzRoy chose Darwin because of his education, his similar social class, and similar age as the captain. Darwin noted that the plants and animals of South America were very distinct from those of Europe Robert Fitzroy

Voyage of the HMS Beagle Stopped in Galapagos Islands 500 miles off coast of Ecuador The origin of the fauna of the Galapagos, 900 km west of the South American coast, especially puzzled Darwin. On further study after his voyage, Darwin noted that while most of the animal species on the Galapagos lived nowhere else, they resembled species living on the South American mainland. It seemed that the islands had been colonized by plants and animals from the mainland that had then diversified on the different islands

Galapagos Recently formed volcanic islands. Most of animals on the Galápagos live nowhere else in world, but they look like species living on South American mainland. 800 km west of Ecuador

Darwin found…many unique species Many of Darwin’s observations made him wonder… Why? Darwin asked: Why were these creatures found only on the Galapagos Islands?

Darwin found…clues in the fossils present day Armadillos Darwin found…clues in the fossils Darwin found: Evidence that creatures have changed over time ancient Armadillo Darwin asked: Why should extinct armadillos & modern armadillos be found on same continent?

Darwin found: Different shells on tortoises on different islands Darwin asked: Is there a relationship between the environment & what an animal looks like?

Darwin found… birds Darwin found: Finch? Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? Darwin found: Many different birds on the Galapagos Islands. He thought he found very different kinds… Finch? Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler?

But Darwin found… a lot of finches Darwin was amazed to find out: All 14 species of birds were finches… Finch? Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? But there is only one species of finch on the mainland! Large ground finch Small ground finch Finch? Sparrow? Darwin asked: If the Galapagos finches came from the mainland, why are they so different now? Warbler finch Tree finch Woodpecker? Warbler?

The finches cinched it! different beaks are inherited variations serve as adaptations that help birds compete for food these birds survive & reproduce pass on the genes for those more fit beaks over time nature selected for different species with different beaks Darwin found: The differences between species of finches were associated with the different food they ate. Finch? Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? Darwin said: Ahaaaa! A flock of South American finches were stranded on the Galapagos… Large ground finch Big seed eater Small ground finch Small seed eater Insect eater Warbler finch Leaf & bud eater Tree finch

Relationship between species (beaks) & food

Darwin’s finches Darwin’s conclusions variations in beaks differences in beaks in the original flock adaptations to foods available on islands natural selection for most fit over many generations, the finches were selected for specific beaks & behaviors offspring inherit successful traits accumulation of winning traits: both beaks & behaviors separate into different species

From 1 species to 14 species… Warbler finch Woodpecker finch Small insectivorous tree finch Large insectivorous Vegetarian Cactus finch Sharp-beaked finch Small ground finch Medium ground finch Large ground Insect eaters Bud eater Seed eaters Cactus eater Warbler Tree finches Ground finches natural selection for best survival & reproduction variation

Earlier ideas on Evolution LaMarck evolution by acquired traits creatures developed traits during their lifetime give those traits to their offspring example in reaching higher leaves giraffes stretch their necks & give the acquired longer neck to offspring not accepted as valid

Darwin’s view of Evolution giraffes that already have long necks survive better leave more offspring who inherit their long necks variation selection & survival reproduction & inheritance of more fit traits 

Asking Questions is a good adaptation! 2006-2007

Darwin found… more fossils present day Sloth Darwin found… more fossils Darwin found: Evidence that creatures have changed over time (extinct) Giant ground sloth Darwin asked: Why should extinct sloths & modern sloths be found on the same continent?

Extend Evolution & Selection P.O.G.I.L. Goal: 21/30 points or better

Evaluation Evolution & Selection P.O.G.I.L. – 21/30 points or better Exit Ticket Question: What major pieces of evidence did Darwin discover to support the theory of evolution through natural selection? Seed Germination Lab Each pair of students must earn, at least, 10/15 points on their lab report (Due: Monday, October 2, 2017) SKILL MASTERY LEVELS: 90 – 100% (13-15 points): SKILLS EXCEPTIONALLY MASTERED 80 – 89% (11 - 12points): SKILLS WELL MASTERED 70 – 79% (10 points): SKILLS ADEQUATELY MASTERED 60 – 69% (9 points): SKILLS BASICALLY MASTERED <60% (<9 points): SKILLS NOT MASTERED

Seed Germination Lab – Day #4 Today you will CONTINUE: Record any observations about your seeds (For example: no seed germination, seed germination, dry, damp, smelly, brown, wet…etc.). Be observant! Your and your partner will water your seeds, if needed. Be specific, record your steps. For example: Added 10 mL of vinegar solution to the Petri plate labeled “vinegar” and 10 mL of water to the Petri plate labeled “water”. Then, sit the plates back in the windowsill. copyright cmassengale