Bell work Please collect a vocab sheet from the basket at the front of the classroom. Begin filling out using your textbooks & the pages provided on the vocab sheet. We will start in 8 minutes!!!

The Progressive Era

The Rise of Progressivism Early 1900s - Rapid growth of cities and industry during the Industrial Revolution created many problems within society Social and political reform movements organized to solve these problems Became known as Progressivism

A variety of reformers tried to clean up problems created during the Gilded Age Promote social welfare Industrialization led to a rise in urbanization, immigration, poverty, and dangerous working conditions Expand democracy City, state, and federal governments were seen as corrupt Create economic reform Corporate monopolies limited competition and workers’ wages and social reformers wanted to stop this

Writers Expose Corruption Muckrakers – journalists who helped the Progressive Movement by exposing the “muck” or corruption in society Their articles fueled public demand for reform (think back to Jacob Riis & the tenements) Theodore Roosevelt gave them this name

Government Reform Patronage – the practice of giving government jobs in exchange for political support Progressives wanted jobs to go to qualified workers Pendleton Civil Service Act, 1883 Federal law that said government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation and also prevented termination for political reasons Required exams for some government jobs

Expanding Democracy Direct Primary – election that allows voters to choose candidates for public office direct accountability for public officials Other Reforms: Initiative: voters may directly propose laws Referendum: voters can approve proposed laws Recall: elected officials can be voted out of office

Creating Economic Reform Progressives wanted to limit the power of big businesses and regulate activities Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890 Made it illegal to seize control of a business by creating a trust Not enforced by government at first

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) A born reformer Known for fighting corruption in politics Turned his fight into policy… The Square Deal

ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL Roosevelt felt government’s purpose was to ensure fairness or a “square deal” Began reforming by enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act Successfully dissolved the Standard Oil Company, railroad, and tobacco trusts

Protecting Consumers Roosevelt’s attention was turned to the meat-packing industry after reading Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle Created reforms that raised standards for products sold to consumers

Food Reforms Meat Inspection Act Created government inspection program to guarantee safe, sanitary meat Pure Food and Drug Act Required product labels listing ingredients Prohibited the exaggeration of benefits These acts in turn end up promoting overall Social Reform

Conserving Natural Resources Roosevelt supported conservation and controlled use of natural resources Created the US Forest Service

The grudge… What did they call journalists who helped the Progressive Movement by exposing the corruption in society? Muckrakers This act made it illegal to seize control of a business by creating a trust. The Sherman Antitrust Act Roosevelt’s attention was turned to the meat-packing industry after reading Upton Sinclair’s novel called ____________. The Jungle

Socialism Emerges Some progressives, disturbed by problems created as a result of capitalism, turned to socialism Socialism: system in which the government controls the economy

William Howard Taft (1908-1913) Continued Roosevelt’s attacks on trusts Broke up twice as many as Roosevelt The 16th & 17th Amendments were passed during his term Taft and Roosevelt disagreed on the issue of Conservation

Progressive Amendments 16th Amendment – gave Congress the power to create Federal Income Tax Intent was to spread the cost of running the government to many people New source of federal revenue 17th Amendment – gave voters the right to directly elect senators Eliminated some corruption

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) The Clayton Antitrust Act and Federal Reserve Act passed during his term The Clayton Act served to lesson competition and further prohibit monopolies while the Federal Reserve Act served to increase federal revenue

Financial Reforms Federal Reserve Act – created modern banking Ensures money is distributed where it is needed Created a more flexible currency system by allowing banks to control the money supply Lowered interest rate for banks They can borrow more and then lend more Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914 More restrictions on practices that lessoned competition Gave government more power to regulate trusts Allowed unions to expand Legalized strikes

Changes in Society

Prohibition Prohibition – the ban on the production and sale of alcohol 18th Amendment, 1919 Made Prohibition law Repealed by the 21st Amendment Bootleg sale of alcohol increased organized crime

New Roles for Women Women had time to pursue new opportunities as: Family size decreased New inventions made housework quicker Opportunities outside the house Telephone operator Store clerk Typist Teaching Nursing

SUFFRAGE – THE RIGHT TO VOTE National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Worked towards women’s suffrage Focused attention at state level 19th Amendment, 1920 Women gained full voting rights

Women Who Made a Difference Jane Addams Hull House, helped new immigrants and unemployed Provided day care, kindergarten classes, after-school clubs Carry Nation Campaigned for prohibition using dramatic methods Saw the dangerous effects of alcoholism first hand Susan B. Anthony Fought hard for women’s rights, 2nd president of NAWSA Once fired for complaining that she earned less than a man who did the same job she did Carrie Chapman Catt President of NAWSA, supported Wilson in hopes of his support for women’s suffrage