Protein: Starter PLEASE START READING THE SECTION ON PROTEIN IN YOUR TEXT BOOKS PAGES 2 - 9 Are meats and fish the only source of protein in the diet? 2. Can you name some of the functions of protein in the diet? Is protein a macro or micro nutrient? When you see the following key words appear, you must write down the definition.. Amino Acid Essential amino acids HBV Complete Protein LBV Protein complementation

To understand the function of protein in the body. Protein in the diet Lesson objectives Pages 2-9 To understand the function of protein in the body. To understand the structure of protein To know about the types of protein: HBV and LBV To understand protein complementation. To know the main sources of protein in the diet. To know why some groups of people have special requirements for protein.

Task 1: How much do you know about protein? Complete the sheet – Protein key terms

Task 1: Watch the video on protein (9 mins) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiIYAyuHnRg#t=20 1. Write down as many key facts as you can as you watch the video. 2. Note down any new points and meal examples of Protein complementation. 3. Write down questions of anything you don’t understand.

Did you know? 1,800,000 to 2,4000,000 dead skin cells fall off every hour, so billions fall off everyday. Most people lose 100 to 200 hairs per day! In theory, for every hair that falls out, there is a new one growing. Somewhere between 1% and 3 % of your red blood cells are replaced every day – that’s approximately 250 billion! http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02gdbbr

PROTEIN Functions in the body: The body is made up of millions of cells-constantly being replaced & repaired. As the body grows, new cells are added. Protein is essential for growth. Repair & maintenance of the body. For energy Substances in the body made from protein are: Hormones - for growth and reproduction Enzymes – for digestion of food Antibodies – to help the immune system

STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS Proteins are made up of small units joined together called amino acids. There are at least 20 different amino acids Different proteins are made when different types and numbers of amino acids combine.

How many amino-acids do we need? Of these 20 amino acids: 10 are essential for growth & repair in children 8 are essential for repair and maintenance in adults. These essential amino-acids must be obtained from foods containing protein as they cannot be made in the body.

Foods that contain all the essential amino acids in sufficient quantity are said to be of High Biological Value (HBV). They are also known as complete proteins. Found in: Meat Milk and Cheese Soya beans Fish Eggs

Proteins that lack (are missing) one or more of the essential amino acids are said to be of Low Biological Value. They are found mainly in plant foods: Cereal foods Nuts Pulses e.g. beans and lentils Vegetables

…Can I get enough protein if I am vegetarian? YES if you combine 2 LBV foods in a meal, e.g. beans, nuts and cereals So…..If a combination of LBV foods are eaten together (e.g. beans on toast or lentil stew and rice) then the essential amino acids which are lacking in one are provided by the other food - they form HBV in the body, this is protein complementation. LBV + LBV = HBV The only plant foods that provide HBV protein are: Soya beans and soya products Quinoa Animal protein foods are expensive to produce. Alternative protein-rich foods such as soya beans and Quorn are cheaper.

Protein alternatives There are a range of manufactured products that are used as alternatives to meat. They have a high protein content and are low in fat. They have little flavour on their own but take up other flavours very well when cooked in dishes. Useful as meat substitutes for vegetarians and people trying to reduce their saturated fat intake. Task: Use page 4 to record the 4 examples of protein alternatives

Planning good quality protein meals for vegetarians- Task Plan two meal ideas for a vegetarian in order to get sufficient protein.. Explain how you have achieved HBV protein. Remember: combine foods in a meal, LBV foods e.g. beans, nuts and cereals are not inferior to HBV foods LBV + LBV = HBV

Protein Requirements Everyone needs protein in their diet but at certain times of our lives these needs increase. Babies & children require a lot of protein as they are growing rapidly. Adolescents require protein for their rapid growth spurt. Pregnant women require more than normal to cater for the growing baby. Nursing women require more than normal for milk production during breast feeding.

Effects of a lack of protein in the diet Children will: Stop growing Hair becomes very thin Poor skin and nails Cannot digest food properly Diarrhoea Catch infections easily Oedema- build up of fluid under skin Become thin and weak ………This is rare in developed countries.

Effects of excess protein in the diet Protein should primarily be used for growth and maintenance (repair) of the body. Excess protein will be converted and stored as fat in the body if not used for energy. Protein contains chemical elements including nitrogen – too much nitrogen can be harmful to the body. The liver and kidneys could be damaged when they have to work harder to get rid of the excess protein.

DRVs for Protein (page 7) The figures given For the amount of Nutrients needed to Maintain good health In most people are Called Dietary Reference values

Homework Bring ingredient to make: Roasted vegetable pasta bake you will need an ovenproof dish Use the further work on protein and practical planning sheet to help you complete tasks 1 and 2 (fact sheet on Quorn or Tofu) This Powerpoint will be on Moodle to help you consolidate your knowledge.