Jim Crow and Segregation Handout: Describe what happened … Supreme Court Decision - Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court decides the Louisiana law is constitutional. “Equal but separate accommodations” are Constitutionally valid.

“Jim Crow” Figure

During the 1880’s and 1890’s = Rise of the Ku Klux Klan

Lynchings = Intimidation Lynchings: By State and Race, 1882-1968 * State White Black Total Alabama 48 299 347 Arizona 31 Arkansas 58 226 284 California 41 2 43 Colorado 65 3 68 Delaware 1 Florida 25 257 282 Georgia 39 492 531 Idaho 20 Illinois 15 19 34 Indiana 33 14 47 Iowa 17 Kansas 35 54 Lynchings = Intimidation

Lynchings: By State and Race, 1882-1968 * White Black Total Kentucky 63 142 205 Louisiana 56 335 391 Maine 1 Maryland 2 27 29 Michigan 7 8 Minnesota 5 4 9 Mississippi 42 539 581 Missouri 53 69 122 Montana 82 84 Nebraska 52 57 Nevada 6 New Jersey New Mexico 33 3 36 New York North Carolina 15 86 101 North Dakota 13 16

Lynchings: By State and Race, 1882-1968 * White Black Total Ohio 10 16 26 Oklahoma 82 40 122 Oregon 20 1 21 Pennsylvania 2 6 8 South Carolina 4 156 160 South Dakota 27 Tennessee 47 204 251 Texas 141 352 493 Utah Vermont Virginia 17 83 100 Washington 25 West Virginia 28 48 Wisconsin Wyoming 30 5 35 Total 1,297 3,446 4,743 *Statistics provided  by the Archives at Tuskegee Institute.

African Americans Disenfranchised Poll Tax “Good character clause” Literacy test Grandfather clause

African Americans Disenfranchised Beginning of 1870’s, 100,000’s of African American are registered to vote in each state. By the 1890’s, only 4,000 to 5,000 African Americans are registered to vote in each state.

Dinner between Booker T Dinner between Booker T. Washington and President Theodore Roosevelt October 16, 1901  Booker T. Washington “Importance of the Dinner” NAACP (1909) The anti-lynching movement

Voting Rights Act of 1965 ** 24th Amendment (1964)

Theodore Roosevelt: the “accidental President” Republican (1901-1909) The “Bully Pulpit” Trust-buster Northern Securities holding company (1902) 1902 Coal Strike & arbitration Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

Pages 413, starting with “The ICC Takes on the Railroads” to 417, “A New Direction In Presidential Politics” (1) How did the Hepburn Act strengthen the ICC? (2) How did Roosevelt’s Administration get a reputation as “trustbusters?” (3) President Roosevelt’s approach to trusts? (4) Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts? (5) President Roosevelt – a preservationist or conservationist? (6) Antiquities Act of 1906 leads to what? (7) What National (Newlands) Reclamation Act do?

1902 – Newlands Reclamation Act 1903 – Panama intervention 1904 Presidential Election His greatest regret Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), settling 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War Nobel Peace Prize Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

The Teddy Bear Incident … “The Alice Problem …” The Teddy Bear Incident … Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

Theodore Roosevelt: the “accidental President” Republican (1901-1909) National Forest Service (1905) Managing forest resources Socialism? Antiquities Act (1906) Protecting lands of historical & scientific interest and prehistoric lands Gives the president “nearly-unfettered discretion” Conservationist vs. Preservationist Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

Socialism? Other protected habitats - 5 national parks - 18 national monuments - 150 National Forests - 51 bird sanctuaries - 4 game refuges - 230 million acres preserved Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

CONSERVATION: National Parks and Forests Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

Regulating Food and Drugs Why the reform? - Selections from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair “They use everything about the hog except the squeal.” “These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.” “[The] old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped, and made over again for home consumption.” Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

Socialism? Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Federal Inspection of Meat-packing plants & standards of cleanliness Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Prohibited sale of impure drugs Hepburn Act (1906) Strengthens the I.C.C. ** Eliminated bribery used by railroads Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, 1901-09. Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography Socialism?