The Spanish Empire and Colonies

Conquistador Hernan Cortes Conquered by Hernan Cortes Allied with other Native tribes against the Aztecs Tenochtitlan destroyed Gov’t buildings and Catholic churches built Conquistador Hernan Cortes Cortes in Moctezuma’s court Conquest of the Aztecs

Spanish Colonization Colony: a settlement of people living in a new territory linked to a parent country by trade and direct government control

Named after parent language Spain and Portugal Named after parent language Spain establishes trade empire Had access to large amounts of gold and silver from mining and trade Brazil only Portuguese colony New civilization called Latin America

Class Structure Born in Spain; held government positions Peninsulares Creoles Spanish Ancestry; born in Americas Mestizos Native American + European Mulattoes African+ European Natives Indigenous peoples African Slaves

Economic Foundations Sources of Wealth Trade Farming Gold and Silver Mining Economic Foundations Sources of Wealth Trade Farming

Economic Foundations Encomienda System: Mita: Peruvian labor system Used to draft Natives for labor Criticized by Catholic missionaries

Role of the Catholic Church More influence in Latin America Fought for rights of natives Built new churches and provided education to Natives

Viceroyalty: Territory ruled by a Spanish governor (called a viceroy) What are the five Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas? Why is Brazil the only territory controlled by Portugal in South America?