East & Southeast Asia

East Asia Mongolia North Korea South Korea China Taiwan Japan

Physical Geography Tectonic forces created: Himalayas Plateau of Tibet Kunlun Shan (one of the longest ranges in China) Altai Shan Tian Shan (part of Himalayas) Arakan yoma Annamese *Shan = mountain

Himalaya Mountains

Plateau of Tibet

Arakan Yoma

Annamese Mountains

Ring of Fire Lies along the Pacific Ocean rim Approx. 20% of the world’s earthquakes occur in SE Asia 90% of the world’s earthquakes occur in this region 75% of the world’s most active volcanoes lie in this region

Ring of Fire- Japan 10% worlds most active volcanoes ~1500 earthquakes every year Mount Fuji- Japan’s highest peak/volcano at 12,389 feet asl Lies SW of Tokyo March 11, 2011- earthquake with a 9.0 magnitude (Killed about 16,000 people) Strongest earthquake in Japan’s history 5th strongest earthquake in world Shifted the Earth on its axis 4”/Moved Honshu 8 feet east

Ring of Fire- Philippines and Indonesia Mount Pinatubo- Early 90’s, 2nd largest eruption in history Indonesia Most active volcanoes in the Ring of Fire Java Island – Part of Indonesia 35 active volcanoes

Plains and Rivers Most of the population lives on river plains or along rivers

Human Geography This region makes up 11% of the land in the world 25% of the world’s population lives in this region. 20% of the world’s population lives in China Uneven population in China East: 250 people per square mile West: Less than 25 people per square mile Dense in the lowland areas with mild and wet climates

Japan 4 main islands: Run North to South Hokkaido Shikoku Kyushu Honshu – largest, most populated 70% of Japan is mountains 30% is coastal plains

Islands are located in the subduction zone, where the Pacific plate has pushed under the Eurasian and Philippine plates: therefore, it is a hotbed for tectonic activity -Need to know pic for the quiz!(Draw on notes)

Japan 127 million people 67% Urban Largest City- Tokyo (capital) 9.2 million Religion- Shintosim 51%, Buddhism 38% Language- Japanese Government- Constitutional Monarchy with a parliamentary government

Japan Imports 60% of its food Supplies 15% of the worlds fish 3rd largest economy in world (USA #1, China #2) Main natural resource- Fish

Japan – Climate Precipitation – 40-60 inches/year Typhoons – Eastern version of hurricane (summer-fall)

China 4th largest country in world in land size (Russia #1, Canada #2, USA #3) Largest country in world in population size 1.3 billion people Largest cities: Shanghai 24.1 million, Beijing (capital) 21.5 million Language- Mandarin Chinese

China Official Religion- Atheist (due to communist government) 47% urban Government- Communist State Economy- moving toward a market economy from a command economy 2010- worlds largest exporter Largest producer of rice in the world

Yangtze “Chang Jiang” River Longest river in Asia and 3rd largest in world Chang Jiang means “long river” Headway-Plateau of Tibet Mouth-East China Sea 1/3 of China’s populations lives along the river

China’s Hydroelectricity Three Gorges Dam Located on Yangtze River

Yellow “Huang He” River 2nd largest river in China; 6th in world Mouth- Bohai Sea “Cradle of Chinese civilization” because it was the most prosperous region of early ancient civilizations Appears to be yellow from Loess

Agriculture Resources Chang River Region: Paddy Fields: wetlands where rice is grown Intensive Agriculture – using a great amount of human labor to farm a small amount of land Double Cropping: Harvesting 2 crops in the same plot in order to add nutrients to the soil. Huang River Region: Loess: fertile soil, being eroded by the river Summer: river overflows its banks *add nutrients to area surrounding the river

China’s Social Issues Censorship is strictly enforced – Google stopped operation for a period of time in protest Dissenters are not tolerated and can face jail time China controls Tibet even though they want autonomy and therefore China views the Dali Lama as a dissenter = bad news for the Dali Lama

Tiananmen Square 1989, Beijing China Protests led mainly by students and intellectuals in an attempt to incite political reforms on the communist government 241 dead, 7000 wounded (official from China)

3 animals only found in China (extinct elsewhere) Chinese Alligator Giant Panda 3 animals only found in China (extinct elsewhere) Chinese Paddlefish

Taiwan Political status is disputed since 1949, China has claimed ownership 23.5 million people 98% Han Chinese ethnicity “native Taiwanese” Language- Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese Religion- 93% Buddhism

South Korea 51.1 million people 83% urban Largest city- Seoul (capital) 10.2 million Religion- Christianity 26% Language- Korean Government- Republic One of the worlds top 20 largest economies

North Korea 25 million people 60% urban Language- Korean Government- Communist State Large amounts of money is spent on the military

The Korea’s 2 countries created 1 peninsula There are no active volcanoes

Vegetation Terraces – vegetation or crops being grown on the side of a mountain Rice – staple crop

China: largest producer of rice in the world Fish is a large part of the economy Fish Farming: growing fish in tanks for mass selling or export (aquaculture)

Climate Affected by monsoons Subtropical Climate: in Taiwan & SE China Winter: Dry, cold Summer: Humid, rainy Subtropical Climate: in Taiwan & SE China Humid Continental Climate: in NE China Dry Highland Climate: Western China Affected by rain shadow effect Winters: -50 F Summers: High temps cause fires

Southeast Asia

Mainland Singapore Cambodia Thailand Myanmar/Burma Laos Vietnam

Vietnam Government- Communist State 96.4 million people 30% Urban Ho Chi Minh City 8 million; Hanoi (capital) 7.6 million Religion- Buddhist 9% Language- Vietnamese Government- Communist State

Thailand 69.1 million people 34% Urban Bangkok (capital) 6.9 million Religion- Buddhist 94% Language- Thai Government- Constitutional Monarchy

Cambodia 15.7 million people 20% Urban Phnom Penh (capital) 1.5 million Religion- Buddhist 96% Language- Khmer Government- Constitutional Monarchy

Laos 6.9 million people 33% Urban Vientiane (capital) 799,000 Religion- Buddhist 67% Language- Lao Government- Communist State

Myanmar/Burma 53.8 million people 34% Urban Capital – Nay Pyi Daw Religion- Buddhist- 89% Language- Burmese Government- Military Regime

Singapore 5.6 million people 100% Urban Religion- Buddhist 43% Languages- Mandarin, English, Malay Government- Parliamentary Republic

Mainland Southeast Asia: Landforms Laos is landlocked (completely surrounded by land) Mountains Plains and Plateaus

Mainland Rivers and Deltas 4 major rivers: Irrawaddy – mouth Bay of Bengal Choa Phraya – mouth; Gulf of Thailand Hong (Red) – mouth; Gulf of Tonkin Mekong – mouth; South China Sea Characteristics: Fertile, alluvial soil Heavy farming area Dense population Heavy transportation

Irrawaddy River System Largest river in Myanmar Most important river for transportation Mouth- Andaman Sea Irrawaddy Dolphin (threatened)

Choa Phraya River Mouth- Gulf of Thailand Runs through Thailand including the capital city Bangkok Delta used to grow rice

Hong (Red) River “Mother River” Flows through Vietnam; including capital Hanoi Mouth- Gulf of Tonkin Reddish-Brown Silt gives the river its name

Mekong River 10th longest in world; 7th longest in Asia Headway- Plateau of Tibet Mouth- South China Sea Runs through Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam

Mainland: Climate Tropical and Subtropical climate dominate the region Precipitation is very high Monsoons – bring wet/dry seasons Wet – floods common Dry – fires or drought common

Islands of Southeast Asia

Straits and Seas make this area ideal for transportation and trade Islands were created from tectonic activity Located within the Pacific Ring of Fire;

Indonesia Archipelago 250 million people Capital- Jakarta Religion- 86% Muslim Language- Bahasa Indonesia Government- Republic

Malaysia 31.1 million people 72% Urban Kuala Lumpur (capital) Religion- Muslim 60% Language- Bahasa Malaysia Government- Constitutional Monarchy

Philippines Archipelago 103.3 million people Manila (capital) Religion- Roman Catholic 81 % Language- Filipino Government- Republic

Tropical Humid Tropical Wet/Dry Highland Climate

Endemic Species- native to a certain region Orangutan Endemic Species- native to a certain region Javan Rhinoceros Komodo Dragon

Island: Natural Resources Malaysia and Indonesia – Rubber trees Brunei and Indonesia – Oil and natural gas