Read “Bloody Sunday” Respond to questions 1-3

Revolutions and Nationalism 1900-1939

Causes of Revolutions in Russia Czar Nicholas II’s oppressive rule (used censorship and secret police) caused social unrest famine and poverty was common throughout Russia high Russian casualties in WWI led Russian people to want out of the war; the Czar refused Marxist revolutionaries believed industrial class, the proletariats, would overthrow the Czar and factory owners “Bloody Sunday” uprising led to decline of government in Russia

The March Revolution in March 1917, local work protests exploded into a general uprising Russians demanded that Czar Nicholas give up his power Czar Nicholas II abdicates the throne and is executed a year later Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, returns to Russia in 1917 to lead a communist revolution

The Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution Lenin and Bolsheviks gained control of Russia in 1918 Lenin order farmland to be re-distributed to the peasants (robin-hood)- slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread” control of factories was given to workers rejection of the czarist system 1922-Russia was renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)- remains so until 1991 Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist Party

Lenin

Flip over half sheet 1. Identify one way in which the Revolution in Russia altered their political (government) system?

Complete DBQ 20: Stalin: Evaluation of His Leadership

Joseph Stalin in 1922 Lenin suffers a stroke and begins to lose power Joseph Stalin has total command of Communist Party by 1928 and wields absolute power as dictator builds a totalitarian state government takes complete control of every aspect of society does not tolerate parties with different opinions -people were required to put the interests of the state before individual gain- similar to Sparta

The Great Purge The Great Purge: campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who opposed Stalin Stalin’s secret police arrested and executed millions of so- called traitors Stalin is responsible for 8-13 million Russian deaths Stalin is unopposed leader of Russia after the Great Purge

Stalin’s Policies Stalin’s government controlled all sources of information Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism; loyalty to your nation, not God called for a command economy, a system in which the government makes all economic decisions Five-Year Plan:increase production of steel, coal and oil and limit production of consumer goods divided all farms into government-owned farms called collective farms By the mid-1930s the Soviet Union was an industrial and political power

Flip over your half sheet 1. Define the term Collectivization.

The Fall of Imperial China foreigners controlled China’s trade and economic resources (spheres of influence) The Qing Dynasty was very weak and lost support of the people the Dynasty was overthrown by a nationalist group called the Kuomintang led by Sun Yixian (sun-yat sen) Goals: end foreign control of china, and modernize China when Sun Yixian dies a series of weak nationalist leaders leads to civil war in China in 1916

Chinese Nationalism

Communist Party in China Mao Zedong helps form Chinese Communist Party in 1921 Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai Shek) becomes nationalist leader and opposes communism peasants support communists because they want to redistribute land to them- similar to Russia 1928: Chang Kai Shek becomes president of China and Communists resist his rule this conflict leads to civil war between Mao Zedong’s Communist army and Chang Kai Shek’s nationalist party

The Long March and rise of Mao Zedong Mao recruits peasants to join the Red Army and trained them in guerrilla warfare Chang Kai Shek ammasses an army of 700,000 and surrounds Communists the Communist forces flee on a 6,000 mile long journey called the Long March to escape Chang Kai Shek’s forces thousands died on journey but Communists regained their power and defeated Chang Kai Shek ***China becomes a Communist nation in 1949 led by Mao Zedong

The Long March

Nationalism grows in India Gandhi becomes the leader of the Indian Independence movement -Gandhi spinning his own clothes. -Told Indians to boycott British goods.

Nationalism in India nationalism grows in India as independence movement gains power Hindus and Muslims were divided but they had the same goal: Independence from Britian and self-governance Indians were treated as second-class citizens by the British in their own country

Amritsar Massacre the British government prohibited meetings Hindus and Muslims gather in Amritsar to protest angers British: British shoot at unarmed Indian civilians 400 deaths, 1200 wounded

Mohandas K. Gandhi Leader of the independence movement based political actions on religious ideas called Mahatma, “Great Soul” promoted civil disobedience as a strategy of resisting British disobey unjust laws Gandhi required non-violence Boycott of British products like cloth Purpose: weaken the British rule in India

Indian Resistance to British the Salt March: Salt Act had taxes on salt bought from British (only source) walked 240 miles to the sea to collect their own salt and resist the salt taxes tried to shut down British salt works but failed and were attacked Gandhi and 60,000 people were arrested make their own cloth rather than buy it from British

The Salt March

Indian Self-Rule Indians gain political power Government of India Act: providing self-government helped move closer to full independence Complete independence in India does not occur until after WWII in 1947

Nationalism in Southwest Asia

Nationalism Spread to Southwest Asia (Middle East) Southwest Asian countries wanted independence Ottoman Empire falls; fragments into many different countries the largest one becoming Turkey Western countries had interest in Southwest Asia (Middle East) OIL,OIL,OIL!

Turkey only part of the Ottoman Empire left after WWI given sovereignty in 1920 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk first president of the Republic of Turkey Modernized and westernized the nation

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk separated the laws of Islam from the laws of the nation abolished religious courts and created a new legal system based on European law Made Turkey a secular nation granted women the right to vote funded programs to industrialize Turkey and increase economic growth

Persia (Iran) British wanted all of Persia= irritated Persian nationalists triggered nationalist revolt in Persia in 1921 Shah Reza Pahlavi (new leader) modernized Persia But kept all power Changed Persia to Iran

Before 1935 1935 - Present Iran Persia

Shah Reza Pahlavi like Ataturk, set out to modernize country established public schools promoted industrial growth extended women’s rights built infrastructure (roads, railroads) Not liked by radical Muslims for being to friendly with the “West”

Oil and Economic Development Nationalism grows in Southwest Asia Industrialized countries needed petroleum products oil interest in Southwest Asia Huge oil countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait Persian Gulf: 2/3 of world’s oil Europeans and Americans try to control oil regions in the Middle East