Unit 3 – The Age of Exploration

Before inspiration... The Dark Ages “War, famine, and the plague…Black Death” http://www.themiddleages.net/plague.html

a rebirth...The Age of Enlightenment The Renaissance

Okay, so things were bad, and they got better Okay, so things were bad, and they got better. But how did the Renaissance and the Printing Press inspire people to explore Asia? Target Question: What inspired people to explore Asia?

Marco Polo with the Great Khan

The Silk Road Cathay

Ottoman Empire: Constantinople Falls Because of WAR!! Traveling over land to Asia is now IMPOSSIBLE! Can they find an ocean route?

Prince Henry’s School of Navigation is started to plan routes to Asia and develop new technology to help them explore! Navigation – the science of planning and following a route

THE AIM OF PRINCE HENRY’S SCHOOL: Make better ships Maps Tools Caravel

We need a quicker way to get to Asia. If I sailed west, could this be? A young Columbus

Misconception: World is Flat

Cost and Benefits (Risks and Rewards) Explorers had to be entrepreneurs. They set up and ran their expeditions just as entrepreneur sets up and runs a business. Often, explorers had to persuade others that the cost, or effort made to achieve or gain something, was worth the risk of an expedition. Ships, the crew, and supplies cost a great deal. There were many risks, too. For example, a ship could sink, or an explorer might not find any valuable goods, or the crew might be killed. However, the benefit, or reward gained, was the chance of finding riches worth many times the cost. These riches would more than repay the money paid by trip’s supporters. Gold, spices, silks, and slaves were some of those riches.

Finally, at 2 a.m. on October 12, 1492, Rodrigo de Triana, sighted land in area of the present-day Bahamas they blew a horn and told the other men. They confirmed and told Columbus.

I claimed this land for Spain! I will call it San Salvador…

Odd, this place didn’t match up with Marco Polo’s book about Asia… IT WAS NOT ASIA!!!!!

They ... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks' bells. They willingly traded everything they owned... . They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane... . They would make fine servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want. Columbus’s Journal As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts. Hispaniola (which was an island off of China) is a miracle. Mountains and hills, plains and pastures, are both fertile and beautiful ... the harbors are unbelievably good and there are many wide rivers of which the majority contain gold. . . . There are many spices, and great mines of gold and other metals....

Amerigo Vespucci recognizes there is another landmass in the way!

Ferdinand Magellan finally gets his ships around the world!

The Aztecs NOTES: Cortez is a conquistador. Mixed children are born. Cities are destroyed to make the Aztecs lose their culture. Language is changed to make the Aztecs lose their culture. The Aztecs were banned from learning to read and write, so they would stay in slavery. Aztecs were forced to change their religion and forced to work as slaves, until…so many of them died the conquistadors needed another “source” of slaves…AFRICA! Encomienda – a grant by the Spanish King under which a Spanish soldier or colonist was granted a piece of land or a village together with its Native American population.

The Columbian Exchange Begins This map shows some items that were transported from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Western Hemisphere and other items that were transported from the Western Hemisphere to Europe, Asia, and Africa. The Columbian Exchange continues today. Some items like zebra mussels and mosquitoes are NOT beneficial.

Once Europeans developed a taste for sugar they wanted more Once Europeans developed a taste for sugar they wanted more. This created a huge DEMAND for sugar. More needed to be planted and processed so it could be shipped back to Europe, in a quicker and easier way than transporting it from Asia. The Caribbean, Central America, and the Northern portion of South America were perfect for growing sugar cane. As the demand grew so did the demand for slaves.

Sugar is transported from Asia to the New World Sugar is transported from Asia to the New World. Native Americans were taken as slaves to work on the plantations growing crops like sugar. As Native Americans are killed by conquest and disease, slaves are needed to take their place – they are transported from AFRICA in a journey called the Middle Passage. The process of transporting the captured slave to the New World was called the Middle Passage. The Initial Passage was the capture in Africa; the Final Passage was the sale to a plantation owner. The Middle Passage was cruel and inhuman and driven by profit. slavery - a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work.

The Middle Passage –Slaves Brought to the New World - Against Their Will – Most Went to South America and the Caribbean but many came to the United States where they were sold at slave auctions and forced to work against their will.

Slavery Slavery is a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work. Life was harsh. People were forced to do things they did not know how to, or did not want to. Many had little to eat, they had to change their ways of life, they had to work long hours, and sometimes they were beaten. Slaves were not allowed to learn to read or write.

Does the Columbian Exchange Continue Today? YES! Africanized Honey Bees brought to Brazil from Africa, in the 1950’s, have been moving northward into the United States. They have killed local honey bees and are more vicious. Zebra Mussels brought to the United States from Europe in the 1980’s, have been taking over the Great Lakes and waterways in the United States. They were brought here on a boat that discharged its ballast into Lake St. Clair. They have disrupted the food chain.

Grade 5 SS Unit Two: European Explorers and Slavery Vocabulary Vocabulary “European Explorers and Slavery” • conquistador - a conqueror, especially one of the 16th-century Spanish soldiers who defeated the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, or Peru • cultural diversity – a society where groups of people with different customs, beliefs, arts, and way of life live together • cultural exchange – groups of people who share and adopt different aspects of their lives • culture - the beliefs, customs, arts, way of life, of a particular society, group, place, or time • demographics – data about population characteristics • encomienda – a grant by the Spanish King under which a Spanish soldier or colonist was granted a piece of land or a village together with its Native American population • ethnic group - a group sharing a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, and way of life • immune – cannot be affected by a disease • indigenous population - people already living in a particular region or environment before exploration by Europeans • Ladinos – a mix of mestizos and Spanish peoples • mestizos - people of mixed Native American and European, usually Spanish or Portuguese, ancestry • Middle Passage - the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas • New World – North America, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, and South America • Northwest Passage– a route by sea between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans along the northern coast of North America • pandemic – a disease occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting a very high number of people • polytheism – belief in many gods • slavery - a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work • turning point - a moment when the course of events is changed or a significant change occurs