War of 1812 http://www.pbs.org/wned/war-of-1812/essays/british-perspective/

“Impress” sailors War of 1812 British help Natives British block trade “Impress” sailors War of 1812 British help Natives

War of 1812 Begins Britain did not want a war because of their war with France Britain sent word they had stopped impressing U.S. Sailors into British Navy…got there too late! War had 2 main phases 1812 – 1814: Britain concentrated on their war against France After Britain defeated France in Apr. 1814 they turned attention on America U.S. military was not ready for the war Small Poorly trained Badly equipped

Phase One American Navy was small Their warships were faster than any others Most important victory took place on Lake Erie British attacked American ships Battle took place over a couple of days Oliver Hazard Perry led American ships Forced a surrender Victory led to American control of Lake Erie & end of Britain as a threat in the Northwest

Took place after the war was officially over Phase Two After defeating Napoleon in April 1814 , Britain turns its attention They burned the Capitol building and President’s mansion Attack Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor Dec. 1814 – British troops marched on New Orleans Treaty of Ghent is signed On Jan. 8, 1815 – Gen. Andrew Jackson’s forces mowed down the British at the Battle of New Orleans Took place after the war was officially over Victory made Jackson an American hero

Portrait saved by Dolley Madison Ruins of the U.S. Capitol Portrait saved by Dolley Madison President’s Mansion burning

Bombardment of Fort McHenry

Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

THE TREATY OF GHENT Ended the war between the U.S. & Great Britain in Ghent, Belgium American negotiators included John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay Signed December 24, 1814 Both sides were tired of the war Neither side gained any territory

Effects of the War Increased American patriotism New heroes – Andrew Jackson, Oliver Perry, William Henry Harrison Weakened Native American resistance Forced growth of American manufacturing Made products that were previously imported Proved military could defend America

Nationalism/ Patriotism Oliver Hazard Perry built his own fleet and defeated the British on Lake Erie. Isaac Hull was commander of the USS Constitution

Nationalism/ Patriotism Andrew Jackson gave Americans their most impressive victory at New Orleans. His popularity was so great that he was elected president in 1828 and re-elected in 1832. William Henry Harrison destroyed the Indian Confederation in the west and was elected president in 1840

Weakened Natives resistance Growth of American manufacturing American patriotism British block trade War of 1812 Weakened Natives resistance Impressment EVENTS British help Natives Growth of American manufacturing Battle of Lake Erie Burning of Washington, D.C. Battle of Fort McHenry (Baltimore) Signing of Treaty of Ghent Battle of New Orleans

THE TREATY OF GHENT None of the problems that caused the war were addressed Americans saw the war as a victory because of they had beaten the British at New Orleans Americans believed they had won a "second war of independence."

Single Party Nation (briefly) “The Era of Good Feelings” After the Harford Convention, Federalists all but disappeared 1816 is the last year the Federalists run a candidate for President Presidential elections of 1820, and 1824 were all single party contests with the Democratic- Republicans in control

Professionalism of the American Army The poorly trained and equipped American Army had been an embarrassment during the war After his own experiences in the war, Scott published the General Regulations, or Military Institutes in 1821. It set standards for every aspect of army life He wanted to make the American army more professional, like European armies. General Winfield Scott

the United States Military Academy Professionalism of the American Army The U.S. Military Academy at West Point Founded in 1803 Located north of NYC on Hudson River Originally very small Few graduates by 1812 Expanded and improved after 1815 Curriculum began to focus on engineering and science Created a professionally educated officer corps for the army West Point the United States Military Academy