Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide! The Invisible Killer Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there. Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive sweating and urination, and possibly a bloated feeling, nausea, vomiting and body electrolyte imbalance. For those who have become dependent, DHMO withdrawal means certain death. Dihydrogen monoxide: is also known as hydroxyl acid, and is the major component of acid rain. contributes to the "greenhouse effect." may cause severe burns. contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape. accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals. may cause electrical failures and decreased effectiveness of automobile brakes. has been found in excised tumors of terminal cancer patients.

Contamination Is Reaching Epidemic Proportions! Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been found in almost every stream, lake, and reservoir in America today. But the pollution is global, and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice. DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property damage in the midwest, and recently California. Despite the danger, dihydrogen monoxide is often used: as an industrial solvent and coolant. in nuclear power plants. in the production of styrofoam. as a fire retardant. in many forms of cruel animal research. in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing, produce remains contaminated by this chemical. as an additive in certain "junk-foods" and other food products. Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the ocean, and nothing can be done to stop them because this practice is still legal. The impact on wildlife is extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!

The Horror Must Be Stopped! The American government has refused to ban the production, distribution, or use of this damaging chemical due to its "importance to the economic health of this nation." In fact, the navy and other military organizations are conducting experiments with DHMO, and designing multi-billion dollar devices to control and utilize it during warfare situations. Hundreds of military research facilities receive tons of it through a highly sophisticated underground distribution network. Many store large quantities for later use.

Water Inorganic Composes around 60% of the human body Essential as a medium for chemical reactions (metabolism) Essential as a reactant and a product for many chemical reactions in the human body (metabolism) Exists in all 3 phases of matter in temperatures conducive to life Very small molecule, approximately 18g/mol, less than propane which has a much lower freezing and boiling point Water is a polar substance: Very electronegative oxygen nucleus keeps the shared electrons around it for significantly more time than does the hydrogen nucleus

Water This results in water’s polar nature, which accounts for many of its rather unusual properties Only substance that the teacher is aware of that is denser in its liquid form than it is in its solid form. Water has very high specific heat: this is important in the core temperature management aspect of metabolism/homeostasis Suspends and dissolves many substances in human body Main component of body fluids and is important in waste removal Very important as a lubricant (i.e. mucus, synovial fluid and serous fluid)

Water Molecule

Water Molecule

Water Molecule

Ice

Hydrogen Bonds: Ice (3D, Not Vanilla)

Water Mixtures Solutions (i.e. salt water) Colloids (also sometimes called colloidal suspensions, such as milk) Suspensions (i.e. Italian salad dressing) Many body fluids are all three of these in one. Blood is an example Solutions do not scatter light nor do they settle out Colloids do scatter light and have more an opaque or translucent appearance, they do not settle out

Water Mixtures Suspensions scatter light and do settle out Back to blood example: -Blood cells are suspended in blood plasma and will settle out -Blood is a colloid as well, there are many fats and proteins that are suspended the blood plasma. These will scatter light even if cells are removed, they will not settle out, however -Blood is a solution: many polar covalent substances, such as glucose and ionic substances, such as NaCl are dissolved in the blood plama

Water As a Solvent Sometimes referred to as the “universal solvent” Not actually true because it would dissolve containers It does dissolve a lot of substances (solutes) Substances that are ionic or have many polar covalent bonds are said to be hydrophilic Substances that have many nonpolar covalent bonds are said to be hydrophobic

Water as a Solvent

Water as a Solvent

Water as a Solvent

Salt dissolved in water is an electrolyte Sugar dissolved in water is not an electrolyte

Solution Concentrations Can be expressed in terms of mass per volume percentage; such as grams per liter Can be expressed as moles per liter (This is used in expressing pH values) A mole is a numerical value: 6.023x10^23 (a very big number) It can be “affectionately” referred to as the “chemist’s dozen”