Bell Work- January 11, 2016 Using your foldable from yesterday, and your text book, color code the families of the periodic table. Make sure you color code them the same colors you colored your foldable.

Notes Date SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Tennessee SPI Objective: Use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element. Learning Target I will be able to determine electron characteristics about elements by using the periodic table. Success Criteria I can identify the number of valence electrons for a given element using the periodic table. I can identify the number of electron shells for a given element using the periodic table.

VOCABULARY D3 When the dice is rolled, do the following using the vocab terms. 1 or 2 rolled- Draw It 3 or 4 rolled- Describe It 5 or 6- Do It Using the vocabulary terms: Metal Metalloid Nonmetal

Reactivity in Elements Electrons are located in shells A.K.A. energy levels or A.K.A. orbitals 1) The 1st shell can hold up to two electrons 2) Other shells can hold up to 8 electrons. (called the Octet Rule) x 10 - P N Example: Neon Atom 1st Shell: Two electrons, Outer Shell: Eight electrons 10 Ne Neon 20.2

Reactivity in Elements Reactivity: is how easily or quickly a chemical reaction occurs Valence electrons are the key. (electrons in the outermost shell) The number of valence electrons determines how and if the element/atom will chemically react/bond If the outer shell is full, the element will not react with other elements. Boron Atom x 5 x 6 - + If the outer shell is NOT full, the element will react with other elements. Note: Boron has 3 valence electrons. It is not full…can hold up to 8. Therefore it WILL chemically react

Alkali metals are the most reactive group/family! Groups/Families Columns are called groups/families Group 1 is called the alkali metal family (see below) Group 1 = Alkali Metals Alkali metals are the most reactive group/family! Alkali Metals: Notice they are in group 1. So they have one valence electron. Their outer shells are not full. Easily react with other elements. Why?

Group 2 = Alkali-Earth Metals Alkali-earth metals are very reactive! Groups/Families Group 2 is called the alkali-earth metal family (see below) Group 2 = Alkali-Earth Metals Alkali-earth metals are very reactive! Alkali-Earth Metals: Notice they are in group 2. So they have two valence electrons. Their outer shells are not full. Easily react with other elements. Why?

Halogens are very reactive! (Flourine is the most reactive non-metal) Groups/Families Group 17 is called the halogen family (see below) Group 17 = Halogens Halogens are very reactive! (Flourine is the most reactive non-metal) Halogens: Notice they are in group 17. So they have seven valence electrons. Their outer shells are not full. Easily react with other elements. Why?

Noble gases are non-reactive! Groups/Families Group 18 is called the noble gas family (see below) Group 18 = Noble Gases Noble Gases: Notice they are in group 18. So they have 8 valence electrons. Their outer shells are completely full. They do not react with other elements. Why? Noble gases are non-reactive!

Science Questions SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table What is the family name of group one shown above, and what is one key property of these elements? A) Halogens gases, they are non-reactive B) Alkali metals, they are very reactive. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions

Science Questions SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table What is the family name for the shaded elements shown above, and what is one key property of these elements? A) Noble gases, they are non-reactive B) Transition metals, they are shiny and conduct electricity

Science Questions SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table What is the family name of group seventeen shown above, and what is one key property of these elements? A) Halogens gases, they are very reactive B) Alkali-Earth metals, they are not very reactive. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Science Questions

Science Questions - SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table + x 5 x 6 Look at the Boron atom shown below. How many valence electrons does Boron have, and is it likely to react or not? A) It has five valence electrons, and it will not react. B) It has three valence electrons, and it will react. Boron Atom x 5 x 6 - +

Science Questions - SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table x 10 Look at the Neon atom shown below. How many valence electrons does Neon have, and is it likely to react or not? x 10 - P N Neon Atom A) It has eight valence electrons, and it will not react. B) It has ten valence electrons, and it will react.

Bellwork- Jan 12, 2017 For each element you will use your periodic table and the book to do these things: *Determine how many electron shells it has, and draw these *Determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons it has and draw these in the correct positions *Label it as reactive or not reactive

Bellwork- Jan 12, 2017 Sulfur Shells- 3 Protons- 16 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 16 Reactivity-

Bellwork- Jan 12, 2017 Chlorine Shells- 3 Protons- 17 Neutrons- 18 Electrons- 17 Reactivity-

Bellwork- Jan 12, 2017 Sodium Shells- 3 Protons- 11 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 11 Reactivity-

VOCABULARY D3 When the dice is rolled, do the following using the vocab terms. 1 or 2 rolled- Draw It 3 or 4 rolled- Describe It 5 or 6- Do It Using the vocabulary terms: Alkali Metals Alkaline-Earth Metals Halogens Transition Metals Noble Gases Hydrogen

(on the left and middle) Periodic Table in 3 Sections (1) Metals, (2) Metalloids, and (3) Nonmetals Metals: (on the left & middle) Metalloids: (on the zig-zag line) Nonmetals: (on the right) Nonmetals (on the right) Groups 3 to 12 are called the transition metals Metals (on the left and middle) More Metals These are actually located above in the 6th & 7th periods (rows) in group (column) three)

Notes Science Periods: SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 From period 6 From period 7

The period number tells you the number of electron shells All elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells Lithium Atom This atom has two electron shells. So it is located in the second period.

The period numbers reveal the number of electron shells Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells Example: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells Per 1 Per 2 Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells) Per 3 Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells) Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Science Groups: The columns are called groups (also called families) There are 18 groups 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Lithium Atom Beryllium Atom The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons are in the outer most shells. Note: Electrons in the outer most shells are called valence electrons Example: Lithium (see below-left) has one valence electron, so it is in group (column) one. Example: Beryllium (see below-right) has two valence electrons, so it is in group (column) two. Lithium Atom Beryllium Atom x 4 x 5 2 Valence Electrons 1 Valence Electron

Memory Help: Remember V =V V for vertical = V for valence electrons Group numbers can reveal the number of valence electrons Note: However this only works for groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18 (see arrows below) See next few slides for details about how this “trick” works 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12 (called transition metals) Memory Help: Remember V =V V for vertical = V for valence electrons

Rules for Groups One and Two Group numbers can reveal the number of valence electrons 1 2 Rules for Groups One and Two Example: Every element in group one has only one valence electron. Example: Every element in group two has exactly two valence electrons.

Rule for Groups 13 to 18 Group numbers can reveal the number of valence electrons 13 14 15 16 17 18 For Groups 13 to 18: Subtract ten from each number Example: For group 13 subtract ten, and you get three. So every element in group 13 has three valence electrons Example: For group 14 subtract ten, and you get four. So every element in group 14 has four valence electrons Number of valence electrons 3 4 5 6 7 8

Reactivity in Elements For groups 1 to 2: Reactivity increases from right to left Ignore group 18 (called Noble Gases) …are non-reactive/inert For groups 13 to 17: Reactivity increases from left to right Groups 1 to 2 Groups 13 to 17 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 Non-reactive Again, ignore groups 3 to 12 for now (called transition metals)

Review Question For groups 13 to 17: Reactivity increases from left to right So it decreases from right to left Review Question

Review Question Period Four

Review Question Period Two

Review Question Groups 3 to 12 are called the transition metals

Note: The atoms get bigger, are heavier, and have more mass as you go to the right and down the periodic table. Review Question

Exit Ticket For each element (I will put up one element at a time on this powerpoint) you will use your periodic table to do these things: Determine how many electron shells it has, and draw these Determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons it has and draw these in the correct positions Label it as reactive or not reactive

Using your foldables and textbook, study for your quiz! Bellwork- Jan 13, 2017 Using your foldables and textbook, study for your quiz!