WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport E.Meijer, P.van Velthoven M.Gauss, I.S.A.Isaksen O.Dessens V.Grewe D.Caro, D.Hauglustaine P.Hoor, P.Jöckel, J.Lelieveld

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Idea: QUANTIFY the effect of different means of transport on the current state of the atmosphere Setup: 1. Take a number of models (six) 2. same initialization, emissions etc … as far as possible 3. simulate current conditions (2003) (BASE) 4. sensitivity runs to investigate the effect of ROAD SHIP AIR ALL (ROAD + SHIP + AIR) -5% -5% -5% - 5% each 4. later upscaling to 100%

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Status: - Monthly mean output perturbation fields for 2003 available on server in Oslo (x,a) - Draft of Report and under revision within AC312 (general assembly) - Timepos files produced for model/obsevation comparison BASE ROAD SHIP AIR ALL TIMEPOS TM4 xx x xxx OsloCTM2 x x x x x x p-TOMCAT xx x x xx LMDzINCA x x x xxx E39C abab ab ababx E5/M1 xb b bbx a) alternative data provided (tagged ozone, different emissions used) b) problems due to nudging and coupling, perturbation fields discarded, available on request

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Emissions: NOx [Tg(N)/yr] CO [Tg(C)/yr] ROAD6.85 (9.12) 31.3 (84) DLR-IVF SHIP4.39 (3.0) 0.6 (0.046) DNV AIRCRAFT0.76--AERO2K Non-traffic27.8 (22.9) (249) EDGAR32FT2000 Biogenic(CO) + soil(NO) 6.89 (12.0) 48.2 (92.9) MPICHEM Brackets: Annual values from POET based on June June values provided by M. Gauss

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport NO x -Emissions: Annual mean NO-flux ROAD SHIP AIRCRAFT NON-TRAFFIC + SOIL

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport CO-Emissions: Annual mean CO-flux ROAD SHIP NON-TRAFFIC BIOGENIC

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Comparison of models - Ozone BASE case - Column ozone perturbation - Linearity of approach

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Comparison of models: Ozone BASE case (ppbv), July 2003, hPa TM4 OsloCTM2 LMDzINCAp-TOMCAT E39C ECHAM5/MESSy

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Comparison of models: Ozone BASE case (ppbv), July 2003, zonal mean TM4 OsloCTM2 LMDzINCAp-TOMCAT E39C ECHAM5/MESSy

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Comparison of models: Column Ozone Perturbations (DU), July 2003, ALL TM4 OsloCTM2 LMDzINCAp-TOMCAT E39Cdifferent scale !!! -similar patterns -absolute numbers vary among CTM's (minima from 3.5 – 5.5 DU)

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Mean column ozone perturbation (DU) derived from all CTM’s January July January July Relative standard deviation (%)

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Linearity: Column Ozone Perturbations (DU): SUM(perturbations) – Perturbation (ALL emissions) Sum of individual O 3 -perturbations (DU) ROAD+SHIP+AIR O 3 -perturbation (DU) from ALL emissions reduced rel. difference (%) JanuaryJuly all CTM's Linearity of approach achieved (~1%) January

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes Effect of different means of transportation - January / July - PBL (1000 – 800 hPa) - UTLS (250 hPa) - seasonal cycles - regional differences

Ozone perturbations (ppbv), by case, hPa January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

Ozone perturbations (ppbv), by case, 250 hPa January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

Ozone perturbations (ppbv), by case, zonal mean January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations (DU) from different means of transport Tropics: 10S - 30N Mid latitudes:30N - 60N Arctic:60N - 90N 1000 – 600 hPa 600 – 100 hPa % relative to total column: dashed: PBL, solid: UTLS SHIPROAD

Ozone perturbations (ppbv), by case, hPa January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations from different means of transport in the boundary layer (< 800 hPa) by region as a function of time East Asia: 100E - 120E, 30N-50N Central Europe: 10W - 10 E, 40N-60N Eastern US: 90W - 70 W, 30N-50N

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations from different means of transport in the boundary layer (< 800 hPa) by region as a function of time East Asia: 100E - 120E, 30N-50N Central Europe: 10W - 10 E, 40N-60N Eastern US: 90W - 70 W, 30N-50N dashed: example for regional variability of CTM's

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations from different means of transport in the UTLS (250 hPa) by region as a function of time East Asia: 100E - 120E, 30N-50N Central Europe: 10W - 10 E, 40N-60N Eastern US: 90W - 70 W, 30N-50N

OH-perturbation (10 4 molec/cm 3 ), by case, hPa January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

OH perturbations (10 4 molec/cm 3 ), by case, zonal mean January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Summary: - Models agree by 15 % calculating the summed effect of traffic emissions on total ozone - Linear approach successful - Mean maxiumum total column reduction of ozone: 3.5 DU (Jan) – 4.5 DU (July) - discrepancies between models: 3.5 DU – 5.5 DU (July) - PBL:- road emissions: Largest regional effect of on ozone central Europe, Eastern US, summer - ship emissions: dominating ozone perturbation over the central eastern Atlantic, weaker seasonal cycle hPa: road emissions during NH-summer ~ 50% of aircraft effect ship emissions of importance in the tropics impact of road+ship ~ aircraft

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport THANK YOU !

CO perturbations (ppbv), by case, zonal mean January ROAD July January SHIP July January AIRCRAFT July

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations from different means of transport in the boundary layer (< 800 hPa) in polluted areas and 30°E downwind East Asia: 100E - 120E, 30N-50N Central Europe: 10W - 10 E, 40N-60N dashed: 30E downwind Eastern US: 90W - 70 W, 30N-50N

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations from different means of transport in the UTLS (250 hPa) by region as a function of time East Asia: 100E - 120E, 30N-50N Central Europe: 10W - 10 E, 40N-60N Eastern US: 90W - 70 W, 30N-50N

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes AIRCRAFTALL Zonal mean ozone perturbations (ppbv), January ROADSHIP

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes AIRCRAFTALL Zonal mean ozone perturbations (ppbv), July ROADSHIP

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Emissions: NOx [Tg(N)/yr] CO [Tg(C)/yr] ROAD DLR-IVF SHIP DNV AIRCRAFT0.76--AERO2K Non-traffic EDGAR32F T2000 Biogenic(C O) + soil(NO) MPICHEM

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Emissions: NOx [Tg(N)/yr] CO [Tg(C)/yr] ROAD DLR-IVF SHIP DNV AIRCRAFT0.76--AERO2K Non-traffic EDGAR32FT2000 Biogenic(CO) + soil(NO) MPICHEM

WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport Ozone perturbations from different means of transport in the boundary layer (< 800 hPa) by latitude as a function of time Tropics: 10S - 30N Mid latitudes:30N - 60N Arctic:60N - 90N

Other tracers: - OH - CO WP 312: Current chemical composition changes from different modes of transport