The Negative Side of Enlargement:

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Presentation transcript:

The Negative Side of Enlargement: Anti-Immigration Feelings and Right-Wing Politics

The Enlargement Towards the East 2007: Bulgaria and Romania 2004: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia. 1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden 1980s: Greece, Portugal, Spain. 1973: Denmark, Ireland, U.K.

European Union 2007

The Emergence of Enlargement Fatigue: Some Empirical Facts

Why the Negative attitude? The new members are at much lower levels of economic development

GDP per capita in the new member states in PPP (2005) EU Average (27) 22600 Bulgaria (BG) 7900 Czech Republic (CZ) 17300 Estonia (EE) 14000 Latvia (LV) 11400 Lithuania (LT) 12200 Hungary (HU) 14700 Poland (PL) 11700 Romania (RO) 8000 Slovenia (SI) 19200 Slovakia (SK) 13400

Why the Negative attitude? Magnitude of enlargement: population growth from 380 million to 494 million. Different nature of the EU/EC: Regional Development Fund Freedom of movement across countries since 1992

The European Regional Development Fund: Eligibility 1994-1999

The European Regional Development Fund: Eligibility 2000-2006

Italy’s Backlash against Romanians November 2007 a Romanian raped and killed an Italian woman Violence against the Roma camps in the main cities It helped Berlusconi come back to power Thousands of Romanians were rounded and sent back.

Backlash against Romas Gypsy encampments outside all major Italian cities 2008 Emergenza Nomadi 150,000 gypsies in Italy Gates around camps Finger prints Three camps in Naples were burned to the ground

Where do gypsies come from and why? Most gypsies live in Eastern Europe: Why? Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5TcutjWz-o&playnext_from=TL&videos=GYgkKJCFIJU

Enlargement and the Right-Wing Parties The negative aspects of the Enlargement are brought to the electorate by the new right wing parties. What do the right wing parties stand for? Anti- Immigration and anti EU Nationalism and xenophobia Traditional values of the society

A list of right-wing parties in Western Europe Austria: Freedom Party Belgium: National Front, Flemish Block Denmark: Progress Party France: National Front Germany: German People’s Union Italy: Lega Nord, Tricolor Flame Netherlands: Pim Fortuyn List Spain: National Alliance, National Union UK: UK Independence Party

Right-Wing Parties and Immigration Front National: ‘At the origin of most of most of the problems of our country for the last thirty years there has been a menacing immigration policy that has been perpetuated by successive governments.’ EP elections: 2009: 6.3; 2004: 10%; 1999: 5.7 UKIP: We will freeze immigration for five years, speed up deportation of up to a million illegal immigrants by tripling the numbers engaged in deportations, and have ‘no home no visa’ work permits to ease the housing crisis.’ EP elections: 2009: 16%; 2004: 16%; 1999: 7%