Theo Olsthoorn Waternet (Amsterdam Water Supply) / TU-Delft

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Presentation transcript:

Theo Olsthoorn Waternet (Amsterdam Water Supply) / TU-Delft Brackish groundwater as a new resource for drinking water ? Consequences of density flow. Benefits for the environment ? Theo Olsthoorn Waternet (Amsterdam Water Supply) / TU-Delft home.planet.nl/~hans.farjon/nederland.htm

peat

Amsterdam

Amsterdam -3 -4 -5 -2 -6 -2 -5 -3 -4 -3

Schematic cross section

6 m fresh fresh Brackish upflow

Water management of the Polder Groot Mijdrecht North Algae blooms, Salinity fluctuations Aquatic ecosystem is frustrated in summer Brackish-brown water with nutrients Lake ecosystem is also frustrated in summer

Ground surface elevations in cm above current surface water level Ground level 1960 Ground level 2004 Ground surface elevations in cm above current surface water level Average settling + shrinkage + oxidation = 30 cm in 40 yrs

Water management of the Polder Groot Mijdrecht North Algae, ecosystem frustrated in summer Brackish-brown water with nutrients Lake ecosystem frustrated in summer Settling, shrinkage and oxidation of peat 7 mm/yr Spontaneous break-through of covering peat layer Too wet and saline for agriculture over time

What about the future of this polder ?

Prime Minister

cow or jetski ? no lake no marsh but grass !

crown prince and water manager of the Netherlands Investigation Committee Report handover

Cross section Google

infiltration infiltration Polder with low surface water level

Polder with low surface water level infiltration infiltration Qbrackish=3.95m2/d

Polder  lake  stagnant salt bulge

Polder with low head and extraction of brackish water infiltration infiltration

fresh fresh Brackish Brackish / saline

Jan van Dam SWIMMER from 1968-2004

Conclusions Sustainability of deep polders with a peat soil and brackish seepage are officially questioned, they may be turned into lakes again. The flow analysis for like brackish systems can no longer be done without variable density modeling (enquiry committee report). Brackish water may be a good source for drinking water and its extraction may solve brackish seepage, but it cannot solve subsidence and peat oxidation. Brackish water extraction increases fresh equilibrium seepage to the polder, which is a density effect. However, increasing seepage is nowadays politically unacceptable.