Sui, Tang, & Song China https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFyeLvEfZEA

Fall of the Han, Rise of Sui (‘sway’) Mass chaos towards end of Han Sui dynasty re-unites China China’s 1st professional army Built the Grand Canal – largest artificial river in world today - linked major Chinese cities for trade and communication within China Also fortified and strengthened the Great Wall https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfNR_jYIbUw (6 min)

Fall of Sui, Rise of Tang Sui doesn’t last long (like the Qin) Tang dynasty founded Tang Taizong, laid foundation for China’s golden age Expanded empire into North China, Korea, and as far west as Afghanistan

Increased power of scholar-gentry bureaucrats over aristocrats Bureaucrats educated in Confucianism Exams became more difficult and expanded Those who passed most difficult exams called jinshi Could rise in social status by performing well on exams

How do you think the exam worked? First, brainstorm some words that you think describe EOC or any standardized testing. How long do you think the Chinese civil service exam lasted? What do you think the conditions were like for testing? (where did they take it, what was the place like, etc.) What do you think was the % that passed? How old do you think the average person taking the exam was?

Civil Service Exam Procedures Exam lasted between 24 and 72 hours (that’s 1 to 3 days!!!) Candidates were locked in individual cells with a board for a table and a bucket for a toilet If a candidate died during the exam, the test officials would roll his body in a mat and throw it over the test compound wall, rather than allowing relatives to come into the examination zone to claim it Only 1 in 300 candidates passed There was so much to study that most people did not take the exam for the first time until they were 30 DON’T COMPLAIN ABOUT THE ASPIRE TEST!

Examination Hall

Religious Changes Mahayana Buddhism Theravada Buddhism Mostly followed by commoners Emphasizes the ability to reach nirvana for ALL beings Today -- 53.2% of Buddhist population Theravada Buddhism Very strict on doctrine and monastic life Today -- 35.8% of Buddhist population **Where does Zen Buddhism eventually spread to?

Fall of Tang & Rise of Song More on me next! Empress Wu Zhao ruled Tang from 690-705 High taxes Revolt against Tang due to corrupt emperors Song dynasty founded by Taizu

Emperor Wu: Crazy Lady or Cutthroat Emperor?? Empress Wu started as a concubine of a Tang Dynasty emperor before seizing power for herself She insisted on being called Emperor, as she believed her power was not below that of any man Did not like Confucianism…why? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNjmvcQHddU

Song Dynasty Neo-Confucianism -- a revived form of Confucianism Developed as a response to growing influence of Daoism and Buddhism Believes fulfillment comes from participation in the world Goal is to move beyond material world to reach union with the “Supreme Ultimate” Less open to outside ideas Eventually fall to the Mongols

Achievements of Tang and Song China Expansion of trade along Silk Roads Exported manufactured goods, exported luxury items (silk, tea) Paper money first used during Tang era Inventions such as….

A seismograph -- measures earthquakes What is it?? A seismograph -- measures earthquakes

What is it?? Playing cards

Gunpowder -- first used for…? What is it?? Gunpowder -- first used for…?

What is it?? Clock -- mechanical, powered by water

Paper money -- trade is more efficient What is it?? Paper money -- trade is more efficient

What is it?? Moveable type -- increased ability to print books, can be reused over and over

Magnetic Compass -- helps who to do what…? What is it?? Magnetic Compass -- helps who to do what…?

Abacus -- used for counting/trade What is it?? Abacus -- used for counting/trade

What is it?? Porcelain -- luxury item on Silk Road What do you think it’s nicknamed?? Why???

Sui, Tang, & Song Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51dLMpNziAo (5 min)

THE MONGOLS

Mongols From central Asia Pastoralists – Nomadic, herded sheep and horses Lived in family-based clans

The Yurt

Warfare Technology Tactics Saddles Stirrups Bows and arrows Used extra horses to travel great distances in a day Speed Surprise Ruthless -- used fear and intimidation

Genghis Khan Title Conquered: Used clever tactics and fear Died 1227 Means “universal ruler” Conquered: Northern China Central Asia Persia Used clever tactics and fear Died 1227 After his death empire expanded into other areas of Asia by his son, Ogadi

Mongol Treatment of Conquered People Tolerated religious differences Patrolled trade routes -- encouraged trade and diffusion Collected tribute from non-resistant foes Mongol Peace (Pax Mongolica) Trading and commercial networks expanded Exchange of knowledge between Europe, Middle East, China Disease also spread

Kublai Khan Genghis Khan’s grandson United China for the first time in 300 years Spent almost his entire life in China Built grand capitol at Xanadu -- spend lots of $$ on art & luxuries Established the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty Economy Europeans Marco Polo Highway systems Protected trade routes across Asia Europeans Sent ambassadors Christian missionaries Marco Polo Venetian trader (merchant) Traveled silk roads by caravan Traveled China working for Kublai Khan https://www.biography.com/video/marco-polo-an-amazing-tale-2080070187 (2 min) https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/marcopolo/ (6 min)

Problems for Kublai Distrust of Chinese officials Appointed foreigners to government posts Had no local loyalties Overtaxed farmers Became disconnected from his people Attempted to invade Japan Failed miserably Mongol fleet destroyed by “kamikaze” (typhoon) means “Divine Wind” Spent too much money

Ming dynasty began with the overthrow of the Mongols in 1368. Mongol Legacy Ming dynasty began with the overthrow of the Mongols in 1368. Mongols success resulted from ability to adapt new technology and strategies, employed non-Mongols to govern (in-direct rule) Stimulated trade and exchange (cultural diffusion) Areas nearby developed a stronger regional identity (common enemy creates unity) -- benefits from increased trade, exchange of ideas and technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szxPar0BcMo (11 min)