North (Union) v. South (Confederacy)

Northern Attitude Northerners thought the war would be over after the first battle. They would capture Richmond and the Southern states would return.

Southern Attitude Southerners were ready to defend their land and states’ rights.

Northern Advantages Larger Population – 22 mil to the South’s 9mil (3.5 mil were slaves) Northern factories and mills - The South had to depend on foreign countries for supplies.

Southern Advantages Better Generals – most of the generals were from West Point Defensive War – the South had to defend their land. If the war was a tie, the South would win.

Civil War

Bull Run/Manassas First Battle Virginia Northern picnickers watched like it was a spectator sport. 35,000 Union troops against 25,000 Confederate troops

Bull Run/Manassas At first the Union was winning. Fresh Confederates troops appeared. Untrained Union soldiers retreated back through the picnickers .

Bull Run/Manassas The Confederates rested and did not pursue, as they won the first battle of the war. The Union soon realized this would be a long and bloody war.

1861 July 1861 -- General McDowell Is Replaced shortly after Bull Run. McClellan takes command. July 1861 -- A Blockade of the South.

1862 March 1862 - McClellan Loses Command. In January he ignored an order from Lincoln and is inactive. He is placed in charge of the Army of the Potomac March 1862-Battle of the “U.S. Monitor" and the "Merrimac"

1862 April 1862 - The Battle of Shiloh. Grant almost loses, but reinforcements save the day. April 1862 --New Orleans. Admiral Farragut takes control. April 1862 -- The Peninsular Campaign. McClellan is the commander

1862 June 1862 -- The Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks). Conferate Gen. Jonhston is wounded. Gen. Robert E. Lee takes over. July 1862 -- A New Commander of the Union Army. On July 11, Major-General Henry Halleck was named general-in-chief of the Union army.

1862 August 1862 – 2nd Bull Run September 1862 -- Harper's Ferry –McClellen defeats Lee at South Mt., but moves to slow and Jackson wins at Harper’s Ferry.

1862 September-October 1862-Antietam – Bloodiest Day of the Civil War. No winner. McClellan is replaced by Burnside. December 1862 - The Battle of Fredericksburg- He suffers a severe defeat because he waited too long to cross the river. Burnside is replaced by Hooker.

1863 January 1863 -- Emancipation Proclamation- slaves are freed in rebelling states. May 1863 -- The Battle of Chancellorsville - Lee defeats Hooker by splitting his army, but loses Jackson. Hooker resigns. Meade takes over.

1863 May 1863 -- The Vicksburg Campaign-Grant gains control of the Mississippi and 30,000 Confederates surrender. June-July 1863 -- The Gettysburg Campaign (turning point)- Lee attacks the North, hoping to end the war, but Union wins

1863 September 1863 -- The Battle of Chickamauga. Confederate victory in the West. Rosecrans was the Union Gen. November 1863 -- The Battle of Chattanooga. Union forces pushed Confederate troops away from Chattanooga. The victory set the stage for General Sherman's Atlanta Campaign.

1863 September 1863 -- The Battle of Chickamauga. Confederate victory in the West. Rosecrans was the Union Gen. November 1863 -- The Battle of Chattanooga. Union (Grant) forces pushed Confederate troops away from Chattanooga. The victory set the stage for General Sherman's Atlanta Campaign.

1864 May 1864 – Grant takes charge and begins the Wilderness Campaign. Grant suffers more losses but has replacements. No clear winner. May 1864 -- The Battle of Spotsylvania. (Inconclusive) June 1864 -- The Battle of Cold Harbor. Lee’s last clear victory.

1864 August 1864 -- General William T. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign. November 1864 -- General William T. Sherman's March to the Sea. November 1864 -- Abraham Lincoln defeats McClellan and is Re-Elected.

1865 February 1865 -- Sherman Marches through North and South Carolina. Union General Sherman moved from Georgia through South Carolina, destroying almost everything in his path. April 1865 – Fall of Richmond.

1865 April 1865-Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. April 1865 -- The Assassination of President Lincoln. May 10 – Jefferson Davis is captured. Nov. 10 – Confederate Cpt. Henry Wirz is executed by hanging.