Introduction to Earth Science!!!

What is Earth Science? Earth Science is the study of earth and it’s events. Not just solid earth, but everything it’s a part of. Ex. the air surrounding the earth (atmosphere)

What is Earth Science? What are the 4 branches of E.S.? Geology Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography Read pgs. 2-3

Which picture belongs to which branch of Earth Science? METEOROLOGY

Which branch? GEOLOGY

How about this branch? ASTRONOMY

Last but not least…. OCEANOGRAPHY

Geology- Study of the Earth’s origin, history and structure.

Activities of Today’s Geologists What are some activities? TOPIC 2 pg. 4

Astronomy- the study of space and the universe

Topic 3- What Astronomers do

Meteorology- the study of weather and climate

Topic 4- What Meteorologists Do

Oceanography- the study of the oceans.

What Oceanographers Do

Question: Where does the study of Earth Science begin? Origin of the Earth  the solar system Hypothesis: an informed guess that tries to explain how or why an event occurs The hypothesis of the formation of the solar system must include the following facts about the solar system:

All planets move around the sun (revolve) in the same direction, counterclockwise 2. The paths (orbits) of the planets are all nearly circular 3. Most of the orbits are in nearly the same flat surface (plane)

The most accepted hypothesis for explaining the origin of the solar system is the protoplanet hypothesis

Protoplanet Hypothesis- The theory that the solar system formed from a huge rotating cloud of dust and gas 5-10 billion years

Over time the cloud shrank due to the pull of its own gravity and began to rotate faster and faster like a spinning whirlpool Compression in middle became great, and material in the center became so hot a powerful reaction occurred = THE SUN turning on!

Cloud material that was leftover formed a plate-like disc surrounding the sun

Friction within the disc caused mass to start to collect, and these masses called protoplanets later turned into our planets

Proto-planet Earth Early Earth didn’t have oceans or an atmosphere. One way heat was added to proto-Earth was Meteorites

“earth’s layers were formed” The earth was so hot that rocks melted and iron in the rocks sank toward the core. Molten earth materials separated into layers “earth’s layers were formed”

Early Earth Repeated volcanic eruptions released steam and gases The steam slowly condensed to form water that accumulated as

OCEANS

Sunlight then broke apart water molecules (H2O) to form free oxygen and more oxygen was added to the atmosphere over time by photosynthesis by plants

Structure of Solid Earth Scientists believe the protoplanet earth was the same material throughout the entire planet including the center. As temperatures increased more materials melted and separated out by density. The less dense rock moving toward the surface and the more dense materials becoming the core.

The following model describes present earth Inner Core- 1200 km in diameter, made of solid iron and nickel Outer Core- 2250 km thick and made of liquid iron and nickel

Mantle- 2900 km thick layer of rocks rich in iron, magnesium and silicon. Crust- layer of lighter rock, 10-65 km thick.

Heliocentric Model “Helio” in Greek means “The Sun” The heliocentric model is sun-centered. The planets revolve around the sun

So what is the Geocentric Model? “Geo” means Earth People once believed the Earth was the center of the Universe. All objects revolved around the earth Through scientific experiments and space exploration they were proved wrong.

Bell Ringer Questions (Reference Tables) The bedrock of Syracuse is from what geological period? (pg. 3) SILURIAN

Oxygen is _______ percent by mass in the Earth’s crust Question #2 (pg. 1) Oxygen is _______ percent by mass in the Earth’s crust 46.40

What is the density of Jupiter? Question #3 – Pg. 15 What is the density of Jupiter? 1.3 g/cm3

What is the Composition* of the mineral named Quartz? Question #4 – Pg. 16 What is the Composition* of the mineral named Quartz? SiO2

Reference Table Warm-Up The Gulf Stream current near Eastern North America is a warm or cool current? (pg. 4) Warm

Ref. Table Question (pg.10-14) This symbol is what kind of front? Pg. 13- Warm Front

Ref. Table Question (pg. 13) What is the approximate room temperature in degrees Celsius? 20 degrees Celsius

Ref Table Question (pg. 13) What is the wind speed in knots? 15 knots

A lot of feathers for wind speed of a few? Hurricane Ike A lot of feathers for wind speed of a few? A LOT!!!

Ref. Table Question (pg. 7-11) What is the density of the inner core? Pg. 10….The answer is 12.8-13.1 g/cm3