In the Classical period and beyond

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Presentation transcript:

In the Classical period and beyond Sonata Form In the Classical period and beyond

Sonata Form Most often the form of the 1st movement of a Symphony - orchestral composition, usually in 4 movements Sonata (genre) - instrumental composition, usually in 4 movements for 1 or 2 players Concerto - extended composition for instrumental soloist and orchestra, usually in 3 movements

Musical Examples LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN - Mvt . 1 from Symphony No. 5 in C minor WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART - Mvt. 1 from Symphony No. 40 in G minor (Assignment #6) WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART - Mvt. 1 from Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major ANTONIN DVORAK - Mvt. 1 Symphony No. 9 in E Minor (“From the New World”)

Sonata Form Form of a single movement, consisting of 3 main sections The EXPOSITION Where the themes are presented The DEVELOPMENT Where the themes are treated in new ways The RECAPITULATION Where the themes return

Exposition Features 2 contrasting themes 1st theme (in home key) Bolder Stronger rhythmic shape More motive-based More “aggressive” 2nd theme (in different key) More Lyrical Emphasis on melodic line More melody/phrase-based More calm and refined

Exposition 1st theme (or group) in home key BRIDGE (modulation) to BRIDGE - in the exposition of the sonata form, a section which leads from the first theme in the tonic, or home, key to the second theme, which is in a new key 2nd theme (or group) in different key CLOSING MATERIAL or Cadence in the different key

Development Thematic material is ‘developed’ or ‘varied’ by Fragmentation Recombination Reorchestration Melodic extenision Unstable harmonies (moves through many keys) - frequent modulations Chromaticism Counterpoint (often imitative polyphony)

Recapitulation 1st theme (or group) in home key BRIDGE (modulation) to 2nd theme (or group) in HOME KEY !!! CLOSING MATERIAL or Cadence in the HOME KEY

Sonata Form in a CONCERTO Form of a single movement, consisting of 4 main sections The 1st EXPOSITION (orchestra tutti) Where the themes are presented by orchestra The 2nd EXPOSITION (soloist) Repeat of exposition where themes are presented by soloist The DEVELOPMENT Where the themes are treated in new ways The RECAPITULATION Where the themes return