Lesson 3.1: Functions of Tissues Unit 3: Tissues Lesson 3.1: Functions of Tissues

Circulatory: Heart & Blood vessels Reproductive: Ovaries & Testes Digestive: Stomach and digestive organs Immune Lymph glands and nodes Skeletal Bones & Cartilage Nervous Brain and nerves Integumental Skin & Hair Endocrine glands & hormones Excretory Kidneys Respiratory Lungs Muscular Skeletal Muscles

Organs perform specific functions Heart: Circulate blood Lung: Absorb oxygen Testis/Ovaries: Make gametes Skeletal Muscle: Move body parts Breast: Make milk for offspring Lymph nodes: Make immune cells Brain: Controls bodily functions and behavior Stomach: Digest food Skin: Cover organs and protect body Bone: Provide structure to body Kidney: Purify blood and secrete waste

the membrane encasing the heart Term Description Serous Membranes thin sheets of tissues that line body cavities closed to the outside world Mucous Membranes thin sheets of tissue lining the body cavities which open to the outside world Pericardium the membrane encasing the heart Synovial Fluid a clear liquid secreted by synovial membranes that gives cushioning for and decreases friction in synovial joints Epithelial Membranes thin sheets of tissue that line the body's internal and external surfaces Membranes thin sheets or layers of pliable tissue Synovial Membrane the lining of the synovial joint cavity that makes synovial fluid Serous fluid a thin, clear liquid which acts as a lubricant between parietal and visceral membranes Peritoneum the membrane lining the abdominal cavity Cutaneous Membrane another name for skin Pleura the membrane that surrounds the lung

Organs are made of tissues

Tissues perform specific functions

Tissues perform specific functions We call the tissue that performs the organ’s function parenchyma. We call the tissue that supports the organ’s function stroma.

Tissues often form tubes

Tissues often form tubes The esophagus

The Esophagus’s Parenchyma Tissue

The Esophagus’s Stroma Tissue Parenchyma Connective tissue Blood vessel Stroma Esophagus

Our Organs’ Tissues often form Tubes Another example: The Breast Parenchyma Stroma

Tissues are made of a community of cells Each member of the community serves a specific function They work with other members to achieve bigger goals.

Parenchyma cells are often epithelia Heart: Muscle Blood vessels Nerves Connective tissue Lung: Epithelial cells Testis: Skeletal Muscle: Breast: Lymph nodes: Brain: Stomach: Skin: Bone: Kidney: In many organs, the parenchyma is composed of epithelial cells.

For example: The Esophagus’s Parenchyma Lumen Epithelial cells Parenchyma Basement membrane Stroma Esophagus

Cancers of epithelial cells are called carcinomas Carcinomas = cancer of epithelial cells Squamous cell carcinoma

Sarcoma = cancer of stromal cells Cuboid cell adenocarcinoma Columnar cell adenocarcinoma Transitional cell carcinoma *Adeno = “gland”, meaning cells secrete something Sarcoma = cancer of stromal cells

Cancers are caused when cells stop being part of a community

Wrap Up Epithelial cells are the most exposed to the outside world and carcinogens. Lumen Epithelial cells Parenchyma Basement membrane Discussion has information about what tissue sections are Stroma Esophagus

Wrap Up Tissue information is important! What cells are cancerous? Is the basement membrane intact? Basal Cell carcinoma Basement membrane intact

Wrap Up Tissue information is important! What cells are cancerous? Is the basement membrane intact? Melanoma (carcinoma) Breach of basement membrane

Wrap Up Is it enough to be able to detect that an organ has a tumor in it? What else would you want to know about the tumor and its cells?