Area of Investigation Suicide amount students in tertiary education How the suicide is comitted Factors that contribute to suicide Race(Religious Commitment, Attitudes Toward Suicide, and Suicidal Behaviors Among College Students of Different Ethnic and Religious Groups in Malaysia.) Demographic aspects Gender Age Reason

Almost one million people die from suicide annually, and the average annual suicide rate is 16 per 100,000 globally [1]. By the year 2020, the WHO estimates that approximately 1.53 million people or nearly 3% of all world deaths would be due to suicide, and 10–20 times more people would attempt suicide worldwide. This represents on average one death every 20 seconds and one attempt every 1-2 seconds Aishvarya Sinniah, T. Maniam, Tian Po Oei, and Ponnusamy Subramaniam, “Suicide Attempts in Malaysia from the Year 1969 to 2011,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 718367, 13 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/718367 Nevertheless, it is an offense to attempt suicide in Malaysia (Penal Code 574 2006). With Islam’s strong condemnation of suicide (Kamal and Loewenthal 2002) and Muslims forming 60.4 % of the population in Malaysia (Malaysia Department of Statistics 2002), it is understandable why few Malaysian college students are willing to discuss their suicidal behaviors. As a result, suicide has yet to receive the deserved attention in Malaysia despite the severity of the issue (Chen et al. 2005), which makes the inception of preventive measures particularly difficult. Foo, X., Mohd. Alwi, M., Ismail, S., Ibrahim, N., & Jamil Osman, Z. (2014). Religious Commitment, Attitudes Toward Suicide, and Suicidal Behaviors Among College Students of Different Ethnic and Religious Groups in Malaysia. Journal Of Religion & Health, 53(3), 731-746. doi:10.1007/s10943-012-9667-9

On ethnicity, the highest numbers of suicide attempters were Indians, followed by the Chinese, Malays, and other ethnicities. Maniam listed some of the risk factors among Malaysian Indians which could explain the higher number of suicide attempts in this group including poverty (a majority of Indians are from the lower social class). Suicide methods used by the attempters include self-poisoning (89%) using weedkillers, pesticides, insecticides, household products, psychotropic drugs, and other chemicals. Suicide attempts using agricultural poisons were also high due to their easy availability, being often carelessly stored in high concentrations in farming communities with easy access to distressed people Finally, reasons for attempting suicide were recorded in 11 studies and the most common reasons, 46%, were due to conflicts with spouse, lover, and family members and at work place. Aishvarya Sinniah, T. Maniam, Tian Po Oei, and Ponnusamy Subramaniam, “Suicide Attempts in Malaysia from the Year 1969 to 2011,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 718367, 13 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/718367

Religious Commitment, Attitudes Toward Suicide, and Suicidal Behaviors Among College Students of Different Ethnic and Religious Groups in Malaysia In the late nineties, Nadesan (1999) reported that Indians (48.8 %) have the highest suicide rates in comparison with the Chinese (38.1 %) and the Malays (3.6 %). On the contrary, recently NSRM (2008) revealed that Chinese comprised the largest group of suicide cases (53.5 %), followed by Indians (27.3 %) and Malays (13.9 %) Their age ranged from 18 to 24. 55.40 % studied medical science, 26.60 % law, and 18 % business majors. A total of 38 % of the participants were males. The distribution of ethnic groups indicated 38.80 % Malays, 39.60 % Chinese, and 20.15 % Indians. The distribution of religious groups revealed 38.80 % Muslims, 28.10 % Buddhist, 16.50 % Hindus, and 13.70 % Christians. Results of the logistic regression analysis showed that college students’ likelihood of future suicide attempt can be predicted by their ethnicity and religious affiliation. Chinese and Buddhist college students have 2.75 times more likelihood, of future suicide attempt as compared to their Malay counterparts revealed that Chinese have higher acceptance of suicide as compared to Malay participants. Likewise, Buddhist participants ) have higher acceptance of suicide as compared to Muslim participants Malay participants were more agreeable that relational issues were the major cause of suicide as compared to their Chinese Besides that, college students’ suicide risk, lifetime suicide ideation, suicide ideation in the past 12 months, and likelihood of future suicide attempt were associated with their acceptance of suicide. Participants who had higher acceptance of suicide were 1.14 times more likely to have suicide risk. 1.12 times more likely to have lifetime suicide ideation. 1.10 times more likely to have suicide ideation in the past 12 months. 1.08 times more likely to be involved in future suicide

Prevalence and associated factors of emotional disorder among Malaysian university Students article The majority of the participants were 20 years old and above; female, Malay, and from urban areas (74.6%, 72.8%, 93.5%, 87.3%; respectively). The prevalence of emotional disorders among university students in this study was 48.3%. Residency, gender, and smoking were significantly influenced the emotional disorder among university students Conclusion: Emotional disorders are common among university students. Gender, residency and smoking showed a significant influence the emotional disorder among university students. Therefore, psychiatric units in all Malaysian university are an urgent need to counsel and detect the emotional disorder early among students.

Suicide articles from 2008 until 2017 -Is it increasing? Timeline Suicide articles from 2008 until 2017 -Is it increasing?

Methods & Methodology Primary Research Quantitative Methods Structured Surveys -location, gender, age -financial status- parents income- siblings supported- financial difficulties- have to work&study? -family-household problems-constant fighting/abuse -Friends? –good or bad? bullying- low self confidence -Relationship-single/taken -education Course-no of subjects taken-last semester pointer -Stress-how stressed are you- what factor causes it? Family, Financial, Education, Peers/Society, Relationship Qualitative Methods Semi-structured interview -Family, financial, education, peers/society, relationship - what is stressful about it? -stress- do u do anything or talk to anyone about it? – does it lead to depression? –how depressed – -suicidal thought/acts- what do you think about suicide? Secondary Research - data reported in statistical analyses

Outcomes

Skills to Improve

References Aishvarya Sinniah, T. Maniam, Tian Po Oei, and Ponnusamy Subramaniam, “Suicide Attempts in Malaysia from the Year 1969 to 2011,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 718367, 13 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/718367 Foo, X., Mohd. Alwi, M., Ismail, S., Ibrahim, N., & Jamil Osman, Z. (2014). Religious Commitment, Attitudes Toward Suicide, and Suicidal Behaviors Among College Students of Different Ethnic and Religious Groups in Malaysia. Journal Of Religion & Health, 53(3), 731-746. doi:10.1007/s10943- 012-9667-9 Naggar, R. A., & Naggar, D. A. (2012). Prevalence and associated factors of emotional disorder among Malaysian university Students. International Journal Of Collaborative Research On Internal Medicine & Public Health (IJCRIMPH), (7), 1401.