Microgrids and Energy Storage for Smart City Planning Atticus Doman December 5, 2017

Agenda Overview Microgrids Reduction of Carbon Intensive Peak Demand Non-Routine Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Energy Storage for Microgrids and DERs

Overview Energy planning crucial aspect of urban planning for cities worldwide Energy usage must be understood and associated costs must be budgeted Energy outages could lead to disruption of critical infrastructure Must prepare for growing, changing energy needs and future risks

Microgrids, DERs, and Energy Storage Potential Solutions Microgrids Can isolate from electric grid Distribution automation, control system, generation, and storage Distributed Energy Resources Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Fuel Cells, Solar, Wind, Hybrid Renewables and Microturbines Energy Storage System Peak shaving, smoothing power flow, and back up power

Incorporated into microgrid strategies Energy Storage Incorporated into microgrid strategies Power quality issues Sync with grid Balance variable output of generation sources Installed capacity of approximately 15 GW a new capacity and $22.3 billion in revenue by 2026 Battery Technologies most commonly used – NaS, vanadium redox flow, lithium ion, and lead acid

Key Aspects of Energy Planning Reduction of carbon intensive peak demand Enhance operation and non-routine resiliency of critical infrastructure DERs, Microgrids, and ESS are a possibility

Microgrid Project Development In United States alone, more than 260 microgrid projects planned or operational as of 2013 In 2016, utilities invested over $1.2 billion to pursue microgrids Projects driven by natural disasters exposing infrastructure concerns, prevalence of renewables, and deregulation

Microgrid Project Development State of Connecticut Following Hurricane Sandy created first statewide microgrid program in 2013 9 projects total $18M in state funding Rolling out in stages, recently completed 800 kW fuel cell microgrid in Hartford, CT Provides emergency power for Parkville neighborhood to local fuel station and grocery store Non-emergency 100% of neighborhood’s electricity

Microgrid Project Development City of Chicago $25M Bronzeville Microgrid Project Connect neighborhood’s planned solar power sites with 10 MW ESS Clustered microgrid with existing Illinois Institute of Technology grid Supports critical facilities – medical centers and police facilities

Reduction of Peak Demand Desires to reduce peak demand usage Manage high costs of energy usage Achieve carbon reduction goals Utilize advanced infrastructure and renewable generation to optimize energy use Managed through efficacy and conservation efforts Load shifting – i.e. thermal storage Utility demand response programs Assessments and benchmarking

Reduction of Peak Demand San Jose, California 150 residential customers Demonstrated use of solar smart inverters and behind the meter storage Boston, Massachusetts Revamped zoning laws to allow for win power 1.5 MW and 2 600 kW turbines surrounding Boston

Non-Routine Resilience Resilient energy systems for critical infrastructure key component of planning Must provide power during outages associated with natural disasters, security events Traditionally relay on diesel and natural gas generators and traditional battery technologies DERs, Microgrids, ESS becoming more realistic alternative

Non-Routine Resilience San Juan, Puerto Rico Barrio Obrero Fire Station Replaced diesel generators with solar system and back up storage More reliable – able to withstand 150 mph winds Florida 115 solar systems with back up power Provided emergency power during Hurricane Irma

Conclusion Microgrids, DERs, ESS becoming increasingly realistic option for planning Project examples have shown ability to reduce peak demand and improve non-routine resiliency Technology and infrastructure advancements have contributed greatly to growing market and use