ATCM 6017 Procedural Animation Introduction to Procedural Methods in 3D Computer Animation Dr. Midori Kitagawa

In class Pay attention Take notes Learn Be ready for a pop quiz

Lecture 1: Introduction What is procedural animation? Why Houdini? History of digital computers and human computer interface (HCI) Program vs. script Scripts vs. graphical user interface (GUI) So, why Houdini?

History of digital computers and human computer interface (HCI) 1946 The first programmable general-purpose computer ENIAC was revealed. http://ds.haverford.edu/bitbybit/bit-by-bit-contents/chapter-four/4-8-project-px-and-the-eniac/

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ENIAC Occupied 1,000 square foot space. Performed 5,000 operations per second. Iphone 5s’s A7 chip (20,500 MIPS) would have cost more than $3.5 million in 1991. Iphone X’s neural network hardware alone can perform 600 billion operations for second. http://ds.haverford.edu/bitbybit/bit-by-bit-contents/chapter-four/4-8-project-px-and-the-eniac/ http://www.news.com.au/technology/gadgets/an-iphone-5s-would-have-cost-more-than-35-million-in-1991/story-fn6vihic-1226824631524 iPhone 4 (A5 chip) 6000 MIPS -- 800Mhz iPhone 5s (A7 chip) 20,500 MIPS -- 1,400 Mhz iPhone 6 (A9 chip) -- 1,850 Mhz iPhone X (A11 Bionic chip) -- 2.3 Ghz

Plugs and switches were used to rewire and restructure the machine. Programming ENIAC Plugs and switches were used to rewire and restructure the machine.

ENIAC’s I/O Punched cards were used for input/output.

ENIAC’s HCI The user punched binary code on punch cards. 1940s ENIAC Keypunch Printer and Card Sorter in operation. http://www.daskeyboard.com/blog/typing-through-time-the-history-of-the-keyboard/ ENIAC read and processed the cards and punched results on other punch cards The user deciphered the output on the cards.

Harvard Mark II (1947) On 9/9/1947, the first computer bug in the Harvard Mark II was recorded. The bug was actually an a bug, a moth stuck between relay contacts in the computer. http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/September/9/

IBM SSEC (1948) Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator Equipped with paper tape readers and a printer.

BNIAC Binary Automatic Computer (1948) Manchester Mark I (1949) Used teleprinters (electro-mechanically controlled typewriters) for input and output.

MIT Whirlwind (1951) Debuted with a cathode ray tube and magnetic tape.

1970’s Keyboards were introduced to mainframe computers.

Macintosh 128k (1984) 128 KB memory 400 KB single-sided 3.5” floppy disk drive B/W monitor resolution 512 x 342 Single button mouse Keyboard with no arrow keys, function keys or numeric keypad Ignited desktop publishing http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/Inside-the-Macintosh-128K/1693

PC, Mouse and GUI Introduction of PC, mouse and GUI (graphical user interface) accelerated the development of sophisticated graphical applications in late1980’s. Photoshop 1988 Wavefront 1988 (Maya 1998~) 1993: Wavefront bought TDI (Thomson Digital Image) 1995: SGI bought Alias and Wavefront. 1998: Alias/Wavefront released Maya http://www.digitaltutors.com/forum/showthread.php?6346-History-of-Maya.

Program vs. script Difference between program and script is becoming blur. Program’s source code (ASCII) is complied into the executable in binary format. Script is interpreted but not compiled. Script runs inside a program.

Script vs. GUI Both script and GUI are ways that the user communicate with software (OS and applications). User Scripts GUI Applications OS Hardware

Script vs. GUI for common graphics applications   script GUI form text graphics Input keyboard mouse, pen, tablet repeatability of complex procedure high low automation easier harder customization

Houdini’s node based approach bridges between scripting and GUI   script node based approach GUI form text text, graphics graphics Input keyboard Keyboard, mouse mouse, pen, tablet repeatability of complex procedure high low automation easier harder customiza-tion Demo in Houdini

Why Houdini? Houdini’s node based approach allows the user to create a complex procedure by building a network (chain) of nodes that looks like a flowchart by connecting a node to other nodes using GUI.

Why Houdini? Houdini’s node networks can be linear or non-linear. Non-linear networks allow procedures to be more complex than linear networks.

Why Houdini? Node network can be automated and repeatable. Node network can be easily modified to produce variations. Houdini is highly customizable.

Why Houdini? Houdini has a higher learning curve than other comparable 3D animation tools (e.g. Maya) due to its node based approach. Benefits outweigh drawbacks especially in the special effect industry where procedural methods prevail.