Cell Organelles Follow along on your chart to check your answers. Make sure that you have the KEY WORDS – you do not have to have everything exactly worded

3 main common structures All eukaryotic cells have 3 main parts in common: Cell membrane Cytoplasm nucleus

The Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Assembles, processes & packages ribosomal subunits Nuclear envelope Separates nucleus from cytoplasm for protection of DNA

The Nucleus Nuclear pore Nucleus Regulates molecule passage between nucleus and cytoplasm Nucleus Controls cellular activity

Nucleus

Nuclear pores Nucleolus

Cell (Plasma) Membrane Phospholipid Bilayer (aka. Cell/plasma membrane) Controls exchanges of materials between inside and outside of cell

Phospholipid Bilayer

The Cytoskeleton Provides structure to cell Supports organelles and allows their movement Composed of 3 types of fibers Actin fibers Microtubules Intermediate fibers

Cell Wall Structural support & protection Composed of cellulose Found only in plant cells (and bacteria)

Endoplasmic Reticulum & Ribosomes

Ribosomes Synthesize proteins for use or transport Free ribosomes: proteins for cell use Bound ribosomes: proteins for export

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Segregates, modify, and transport proteins made by the attached ribosomes All ER is located close to nucleus Smooth ER Lipid synthesis Carbohydrate metabolism detoxify

Rough ER

Golgi Apparatus aka. Golgi bodies

Golgi Apparatus Modifies, secretes, and packages secretory products Distributes/recycles membrane parts Located closer to cell membrane than ER

Golgi

Important in cell division Only found in animal cells Centrioles Important in cell division Only found in animal cells

Plastids Plastids are only found in plant cells Chloroplast-photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll (green pigment) Amyloplast/leucoplast: stores starch Chromoplast: contains pigments other than green for light absorption

Mitochondria Powerplant – makes ATP through cellular respiration

Energy Mitochondrion/Mitochondria

Lysosome Digestion Contains enzymes

Lysosome

Central vacuole Large Central one found only in plant cells Intracellular digestion & storage Vacuole is a general term for a storage vessel in plants Vesicle is the general term for a storage vessel in animals

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the term for the jelly like supportive intracellular fluid Cytosol is the term for the liquid portion of the fluid They are often used interchangeably

Peroxisome Creates hydrogen peroxide which is used in fat breakdown, detoxification, and metabolism We don’t want excess hydrogen peroxide which is why we have catalase enzyme (aka. Peroxidase) to break it down

Microtubule Part of the cytoskeleton Shape & support the cell Help organelles move

How are Plant Cells Different? Plant cells contain 3 structures that animal cells do not. Large central vacuole Cell wall Plastids Chloroplast Amyloplast chromoplast

How are animal cells different? Add to bottom of page 5 of booklet Animal cells contain 2 structures that plant cells do not: Centrioles Peroxisomes Plant cells have something else called a glyoxysomes that help them (you don’t need to memorize that!)