Axis-free correction of astigmatism using bifocal soft contact lenses Alexander Leube, Imre Kovats, Siegfried Wahl, Wolfgang Sickenberger  Contact Lens and Anterior Eye  Volume 40, Issue 6, Pages 394-400 (December 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.002 Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Workflow of the study course. VA=monocular visual acuity test. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 2017 40, 394-400DOI: (10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Spot diagram in the image plane (retina) of the astigmatic eye model corrected with a center near bifocal contact lens. Green and blue symbols represent rays from the central and the peripheral zone, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 2017 40, 394-400DOI: (10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (a) Image quality analysis of the MTF for the tangential and sagittal image plane of the diffraction limited (DL), the naked model eye (Eye), the astigmatic model eye (astEye) and the corrected model eye (CL). (b) and (c) represent the wavefront error maps (in wave units λ=546nm) of the corrected and the astigmatic model eye, respectively. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 2017 40, 394-400DOI: (10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Vector plot for comparison of the astigmatism before (red) and after (blue) correction. Symbols represent the mean and the ellipses the standard deviation from n=46 eyes. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 2017 40, 394-400DOI: (10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Mean visual acuity (logMAR) at baseline and after correction with no, spherical or cylindircal overrefraction. Error bars represents the 95% confidence interval (CI). Follow up times are shown on the x-axis. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 2017 40, 394-400DOI: (10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions