NATIONAL DROUGHT CONTINGENCY FUND DISBURSING FUNDS FOR EARLY RESPONSE TO DROUGHT

DROUGHT RESPONSE Droughts often follow a predictable path, which makes it possible to plan in advance how to manage them The warning stages and the sequence of events that define them are at the centre of the model of drought management. The definition of warning stages used by ALRMP includes stability, availability, access, and utilization drought indicators The events contributing to a drought emergency, and the warning stages, provide a conceptual model of ‘drought cycle management’, which links drought events to disaster response. The ALRMP EWS uses five drought early warning phases categorized as normal, alert, alarm, emergency and recovery.

Drought Early Warning System (EWS) DROUGHT PREPAREDNESS Contingency Planning Community Development Capacity Building of the District Steering Group and Partner Agencies Normal Stage Rehabilitation of Boreholes Infrastructure Development Food for Work Restocking Human and Animal Health Activities Livestock Off-take Grazing Reserve Management Stockpile Pumps for Boreholes Drought Early Warning System (EWS) Recovery Stage Alert/Alarm Stage RECONSTRUCTION MITIGATION Emergency Stage Food Relief Supplementary Feeding Borehole Rapid Response Teams Activated 3 RELIEF

DROUGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The drought management system has five components: a national drought management policy a drought early warning system a set of district level contingency (‘shelf’) plans a drought contingency (response) fund drought coordination and response structures

PROBLEM One of the main shortcomings in responding to droughts has been the gap between information provided by the early warning system about impending threats and the ability of government to act to reduce those threats. District drought management plans have included pre-prepared ‘shelf projects’ of activities to be triggered by the early warning system, but without proper funding these projects could not be carried out.

SOLUTION A National Drought Contingency Fund (NDCF) that can allow contribution from both GoK and donors (a multi-donor basket fund) and with the capacity to disburse funds to drought-prone affected districts in a flexible, effective and efficient way; A Drought Management Authority (DMA) to exercise general supervision and co-ordination over all matters relating to the drought management and to be the principal instrument of Government in the implementation of all policies relating to drought management.

HOW? Trust fund to be established under Section 26 of the Government Financial Management Act of 2004 which provides in part that “(1) If moneys are appropriated by Parliament to establish a fund separate from the Consolidated Fund, the Minister may establish such a fund”; Drought Management Authority shall be a body corporate and established through a specific “Drought Act”

MANDATE AND FUNCTIONS OF DMA Coordinate the various Drought Response initiatives to ensuring the proper management of drought; Operate an effective and efficient Drought Early Warning Systems Facilitate national, district and community level drought contingency processes leading to preparation of Contingency Plans Promote Drought Preparedness strategies and identify projects and programs to be undertaken within the drought preparedness strategy; Publish and disseminate manuals, codes or guidelines relating to drought management Liaise and coordinate with the National Drought Contingency Fund for the disbursement of funds

NDCF MAIN FEATURES NDCF is established specifically for drought management; NDCF will be used for drought early response in all the districts in the country equipped with a full fledged Drought Early Warning System and Contingency Plans. Main purpose of the fund is for funding early mitigation efforts. However, NDCF will be used to also fund recovery activities and some preparedness initiatives

NDCF MAIN FEATURES NDCF will not in any way replace large- scale humanitarian interventions at a later stage of emergency. Hence the NDCF will not fund food aids; Activities funded under the NDCF must aim to support livelihoods and promote linkages with long-term development strategies (livelihood perspective) Critical areas for funding will be Livestock, Agriculture, Water & Sanitation, Health, Education, and Transfers

CF TRIGGERING MECHANISM The early warning information is used to determine the drought status in a given area. Applications for NDCF funds are supported by detailed contingency plans and budgets that are mapped to each warning phase; Hence, EWS and CP are essential elements for the functioning of NDCF

TIGHTENING OF EWS PHASE CLASSIFICATION Retrospective analysis of EW data on key quantitative indicators in order to calculate deviations from long term averages as droughts emerge; Recommending thresholds for individual indicators, specific for each district; Developing a rigorous system for assigning early warning phases based on combinations of indicators (convergence of evidence);

DEVELOPING INDICATORS THRESHOLDS FOR ALL STAGES OF DROUGHT

CONTINGENCY PLANNING Development of a software tool for Dynamic Contingency Planning (CP); Generation of contingency plans covering all aspects of the CP process, including scenario-building, trigger mechanisms, rapid intervention design and budgeting, capacity assessment, procurement methods and standard operating procedures.

ADOPTION OF DROUGHT RESPONSE MANUAL Describe guidelines for the identification, design, implementation and evaluation of drought response activities fundable under the NDCF

ROLE OF COMMUNITIES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT – THE MISSING LINK THE DROUGHT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE CURRENTLY ENDS AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL WITH THE DISTRICT DROUGHT MANAGEMENT UNIT AND DSG NO OFFICIAL DROUGHT/DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AT LOWER LEVELS

LEGAL FRAMEWORK THERE IS NEED FOR A DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY THAT CAN FORMALLY RECOGNISE THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY-LEVEL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES THIS LEGAL STATUS IS PRECONDITION FOR THE SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY BUILDING OF COMMUNITY D.M. STRUCTURES

ADVANTAGES BETTER COORDINATION BETWEEN DSGs AND COMMUNITIES MAY ENHANCE QUALITY OF CONTINGENCY PLANS IN THAT SELECTED ACTIVITIES WILL BETTER REFLECT LOCAL PRIORITIES COMMUNITIES BETTER PREPARED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES

ADVANTAGES COMMUNITIES EMPOWERED TO MOBILISE LOCAL RESOURCES TO RESPOND TO EMERGING DISASTERS COMMUNITIES EMPOWERED TO USE EWS INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING COMMUNITIES EMPOWERED TO ACCESS FINANCE FROM NDCF AND/OR OTHER FUNDS

PILOT PROJECT DMI/ALRMP PILOT FOR CREATION OF DIVISIONAL LEVEL DROUGHT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY CAPACITY IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MAPPING AND PLANNING TWELVE COMMITTEES ESTABLISHED IN 12 PILOT DISTRICTS

PILOT PROJECT EMERGENCY RESPONSE DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (ERDMC) AT DIVISION LEVEL; ERDMC UNDERTAKES COMMUNITY OWNED VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT WITH IDENTIFICATION OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RESPONSE PLANS RESPONSE PLANS REFLECTED IN DISTRICT CONTINGENCY PLANS AND FUNDED THROUGH THE DCF

STRATEGIC WATER STRUCTURE Ndigiria Water Pan In Kilifi District

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