Human Body Part #2

The Circulatory System The transport vehicle of your body. What is it transporting?? Oxygen, food molecules, hormones, blood cells, carbon dioxide Cardiovascular system = Cardio means heart and vascular means vessels Parts of the Circulatory System 1. The heart  4 chambered heart The top 2 chambers are your left and right atria (drop blood into 2 lower chambers) The lower 2 chambers are called ventricles (squeeze blood out of the heart) 2. Arteries  Blood vessels that move blood away from the heart 3. Capillaries  Microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins…..very thin = “stuff” in and out of blood through capillaries!!! 4. Veins  Blood vessels that move blood back to the heart 5. Valves  Prevent backward flow of blood in the body. Found in your heart and your veins

3 Types of Circulation 1. Pulmonary Circulation  Flow of blood from the heart to the lung and back to the heart **Brings carbon dioxide to the lung to trade it for oxygen** Follow the path blood takes in this circulation: A. Right Atrium to Right ventricle B. Right ventricle to lungs through Pulmonary Arteries (Remember arteries away) C. Pulmonary arteries lead to Capillaries in the lung ********CO2 is exchanged with oxygen************ D. Capillaries dump into veins E. Pulmonary Vein brings blood back to the Left Atrium! Blue means blood in need of oxygen Red means blood with plenty of oxygen

2. Systemic Circulation  Moves oxygen-rich blood to the body for delivery * Pick up where Pulmonary circulation left off* A. Oxygen-rich blood is in the left Atrium B. Blood drops to the left Ventricle C. Left Ventricle squeezes blood to the body (except lungs) through the Aorta (Largest Artery) D. Arteries branch off and go to all the parts of the body E. Blood enters capillaries, gives oxygen to cells and picks up CO2 F. Capillaries drain into veins G. Veins bring blood back to the right Atrium to start the trip to the lungs again!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3. Coronary Circulation Flow of blood to the heart itself

What is Blood Pressure?? Force of blood on the walls of your blood vessels…… So, why is blood pressure highest in the arteries?? Parts of Blood 1. Plasma  liquid part of blood 2. Red Blood cells  carry oxygen and carbon dioxide 3. White blood cells  help fight infection 4. Platelets  Help clot blood *Keep in mind, other “stuff” is floating in blood (hormones, etc.) Red blood cells going though a capillary Heart attack  blood supply to the heart is reduced or stopped and the heart cells are injured or die

The Respiratory System Function: Get Oxygen into the body and Carbon Dioxide out of the body Bronchioles Diaphragm Trace the path of Oxygen into the body and Carbon Dioxide out of the body 1. Air enters the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. In the nostrils, air is moistened and warmed. Mucus, traps dust, dirt, and pollen.

2. Pharynx: The last time food and air are together is in the pharynx. At the end of this is the trachea. It is covered by a flap called an epiglottis, which keeps food and drink out of our lungs. 3. The trachea: Air is cleaned once more. Your trachea is held open by cartilage. If it wasn’t, it would close and you would suffocate. 4. Bronchi: At the end of the trachea, two branches called bronchi lead into your lungs. The bronchi lead to smaller branches called bronchioles. Eventually the bronchioles end at the air sacs. 5. Alveoli: Your air sacs. The capillaries completely surround these air sacs and allow for the oxygen-carbon dioxide swap. Now, oxygen is in the blood stream!! 6. Diaphragm: Muscle beneath your lungs….When it contracts, air is pulled in as your chest expands. When it relaxes, it moves back up and you exhale as your chest cavity shrinks.

Excretory System Your Excretory Organs are your: 1. Lungs  get rid of carbon dioxide 2. Skin  salt, water and urea 3. Kidneys  excess water, salt, cell fragments Urinary System Two kidneys found behind abdomen. They filter blood, but how? 1. Blood to body through arteries (Systemic circulation) 2. Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery (artery of the kidney) 3. Inside the kidney, Nephrons (the filtering units of the kidney) let blood flow through them ****What is filtered?? A) salt B) sugar C) cell fragments Two separate things happen: 4a. Capillaries reabsorb clean blood, dump it back into veins and it goes back to the heart 4b. Waste liquid (urine) goes to the bladder through the Ureters 5b. Urine leaves the bladder through the Urethra

Quiz Time 1. 2. 3. 4. What’s the difference between an artery and a vein? 5. Pulmonary circulation is from the heart to the ________ and back. 6. Systemic circulation is from the heart to the ________ and back. 7. Coronary circulation is from the heart to _______ and back. 8. The function of the red blood cell is ______________. 9. What would happen if you didn’t have platelets? 10. The last place where food and air mix is called the _______? 11. The _________ is a protective flap that prevents food from entering your windpipe.

12. The 2 branches leading to the left and right lung are called __________. 13. The _______ of the respiratory system and the _______ of the circulatory system exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. 14. The lungs get rid of ______, making it an excretory organ. 15. The skin gets rid of 3 things: urea, ________ and _________. 16. The filtering units of the kidneys are called __________. 17. The tubes that bring wastes down to the bladder are called __________. 18. 19. 20. What is lymph?