The first word... One day, a long, long time ago, some human being uttered the first word. Use your common sense and imagination to guess at what you think was probably the part of speech of the first word. Share your answer and the reason why.

Grammar Review Parts of Speech Review Parts of Sentence Review

The scientist used a microscope. Rembrandt slowly painted the canvas. Practice Sentences The scientist used a microscope. Rembrandt slowly painted the canvas. Yes, he and she were members. De Soto floated down the Mississippi. Spartacus and his force of gladiators lost.

What are the 8 parts of speech, and what does each one do?

NOUN Person, Place, or Thing (Idea, too). Common and Proper. Abstract. Collective. Singular & Plural.

Americans awaited a quiet summer. How many nouns? What kind are they?

2. Pronouns Refer to nouns. Used in place of a noun. Have gender (masculine, feminine) or neutral. Have person and number.

Subject Pronouns (Only for subjects) Singular Plural 1st Person I we 2nd Person you you 3rd Person he, she, it they

Object Pronouns (Only for objects) Singular Plural 1st Person me us 2nd Person you you 3rd Person him, her, it them

Possessive Pronouns: (indicates ownership—both pronoun and adjective) My, your, his, her, its, our, their. No need for an apostrophe! Diego lost his pesos. The dog found its doghouse.

Interrogative Pronouns: (used to interrogate or ask) Who, whose, whom, which, what? Who went to the piazza? Which lizard is yours?

Demonstrative Pronouns: (Used to demonstrate or show—can be vague or ambiguous.) This, that, these, those This is the worm I wish you to paint. That is the opinion of a Philistine.

Relative Pronoun: (Relates an adjective clause to a main clause.) Who, whose, whom, which, that The man who followed you turned left. The cake that was left out in the rain has melted.

Reflexive Pronouns: (Reflects back to the owner) Myself, yourself, himself, etc. Indefinite Pronouns: (General, no definite antecedent.) anyone, anybody, each, all, etc.

I am he who aches of amorous love. He appeared to despise himself.

3. Adjective Modifies (describes, changes) nouns and pronouns. 3 degrees of adjectives: positive, comparative, and superlative. (good, better, best) Proper Adjectives: England=English, Spain=Spanish Articles (Definite and Indefinite): A, an, the

He had a long chin and big, rather prominent teeth. Identify the adjectives.

4. Verb A word that shows action, being, OR links a subject to a subject complement. Tells us about nouns (acts as predicate to the subject) 4 parts: Infinitive—to do, to go, to think Present participle—doing, going, thinking Past—did, went, thought Past Participle—done, gone, thought

Regular Verbs: Inf. Pres. Part. Past Past Part To work working worked worked To spill spilling spilled spilled Irregular Verbs Don’t follow a regular pattern; must be memorized: to shrink, to ring, to break, etc.

Verb Types Helping Verbs (Future & Perfect Tenses) Transitive Verbs: Action verb that acts on a direct object. Intransitive Verb: Action verb that does not act on a direct object.

6 Verb Tenses (Are used with person and number) Present Past Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

Identify Parts of Speech Do bacilli and fungi have nuclei in their cells? The luminous moonlight illuminated the Pequod. 3. On his solo transcontinental flight, he enjoyed the solitude. 4. The senior class president befriended the venerable man. 5. His hypoglycemia made him watch his diet.

Adverbs A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Queequeg swam slowly. Ahab is too tall. I like you, too. He and she swim well.

Try not to overuse adverbs and adjectives…they are not really your friends! A very tall, gigantic statue. OR A colossal statue. He was very, very hungry. OR He was hungry.

Preposition A word that shows the relationship between its object and another word in the sentence. Time (before, during, after) Space (in, on, beside, around) Direction (to, from, forward) Somewhere, over the rainbow.

Can you end a sentence with a preposition? Where are you at? (Where’s the object) Best to follow prepositions with their objects, but… Who is this present for? This is better than, For whom is this present?

Conjunctions A word that joins two words or two groups of words (phrases or clauses) together. Hamlet and Ophelia were here or there, but we were and were not!!

Coordinating Conjunctions join equals (you should memorize these) And But Or Nor For So Yet Some people use the acronym FANBOYS to remember these.

Subordinating conjunctions join unequals (you should memorize these) If As Since When Because And others…

Correlative Conjunctions are multiple word joiners Either/Or Neither/Nor

Interjections A word that shows emotion but has no real grammatical function. Oh! Ugh! Wow! Oof! Doh!

Definitions: Parts of Speech Grammar: A way of thinking about language. Four Levels of Grammar: Parts of Speech, Parts of the Sentence, Phrases, Clauses Parts of Speech: 8 kinds of words in English Noun: Person, place, or thing (idea, also) Pronoun: word that takes the place of a noun Subject Pronouns: used as subjects of verbs and subject complements

Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they Object pronouns: Used as indirect objects and objects of prepositions Object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them Adjective: word that modifies a noun/pronoun Article: 3 adjectives a, an, the 3 Degrees of Adjectives: positive, comparative, superlative

Verb: a word that shows action, being, or links a subject to subject complement Conjunction: a word that joins two words or groups of words Coordinating: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet Subordinating: if, as since, when, because… Correlative: either or, neither nor, not only but also Preposition: shows relationship between its object and another word Interjection: shows emotion but no grammatical function