Present Perfect Tense
What is the present perfect? (English) In English we form the present perfect by combining have or has with the past participle of a verb Examples: he has seen, you have traveled, I have heard
What is the present perfect? (Spanish) In Spanish, we form the present perfect by combining a form of the verb haber with the past participle of a verb Forms of haber: he (I have) hemos (we have) has (you have) XXX ha (shu/it has) han (they have)
Past Participles How to form the past participle in Spanish -ar verbs = -ado -er/-ir verbs = -ido Take the infinitive ending off the verb and add the corresponding ending hablar = hablado (talked) correr = corrido (ran) vivir = vivido (lived)
Irregular Past Participles As in English, there are irregular past participles in Spanish The following verbs are irregular in Spanish because they don’t follow the normal way of forming a past participle or because they have a double vowel ending (except ui)
Memorize this acronym: F = freír = frito (fried) R = romper = roto (broken) E = escribir = escrito (written) V = volver = vuelto (returned) V = ver = visto (seen) M = morir = muerto (died) A = abrir = abierto (opened) C = cubrir = cubierto (covered) P = poner = puesto (put) H = hacer = hecho (did/made) D = decir = dicho (said/told)
Irregular Past Participles Double vowel ending verbs: Take off the –er/-ir and add –ído Ex. caer: caído (fell) traer: traído (brought) oír: oído (heard)
Putting it all together Form of haber + past participle Examples: Sí, he visto esa película. (Yes, I have seen that movie.) ¿Has hecho tu tarea de ciencias? (Have you done your science homework?) ***Notice that the past particle always ends in an “o”, the only thing that changes is the form of “haber”
Pronoun Placement Nothing can split up the verb “haber” and the past participle (they are Perfect together) Pronouns must go before the verb “haber” Ex. Sí, la he visto. (Yes, I’ve seen it.) No, no le han dado el regalo a ella. (No they haven’t given the gift to her.) Remember the order of pronouns! Reflexive, Indirect, Direct
Practice We have eaten all the apples. Hemos comido todas las manzanas. Has he read it (book) to her? ¿Se lo ha leído? (le = se before lo, la, los, las) Have you brushed your teeth? ¿ Te has cepillado los dientes?