Lecture 23 Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 23 Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

Today’s lecture Interstage Cooling Noble Prize 2007 Catalytic Steps

Catalysts and Catalysis A Catalyst is a substance that affects the rate of chemical reaction but emerges from the process unchanged. Catalysis is the occurrence, study, and use of catalysts and catalytic processes. Approximately 1/3 of the GNP of materials produced in the U.S. involves a catalytic process.

Catalysts affect both Selectivity and Yield Different reaction Paths

Different shapes and sizes of catalyst.

Catalytic packed-bed reactor, schematic.

Steps in a Catalytic Reaction

Active Site Reactions are not catalyzed over the entire surface but only at certain active sites or centers that result from unsaturated atoms in the surface. An active site is a point on the surface that can form strong chemical bonds with an adsorbed atom or molecule.

The Adsorption Step Vacant and occupied sites For the system shown, the total concentration of sites is Ct = Cv + CA.S + CB.S

Adsorption

More Catalysis

More Catalysis Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm Increasing T Slope=kA

The Surface Reaction Step

The Surface Reaction Step

The Surface Reaction Step

The Surface Reaction Step

The Surface Reaction Step

Vacant and occupied sites Desorption from surface Vacant and occupied sites

Steps in a Catalytic Reaction Adsorption on Surface Surface Reaction Single Site Dual Site Desorption from Surface

The Rate Limiting Step: Which Step Has the Largest Resistance? Electrical analog to heterogeneous reactions

Collecting information for catalytic reactor design

Octane Numbers Catalytic Reforming Normal Pentane Octane Number = 62 Iso-Pentane Octane Number = 95

Steps in a Catalytic Reaction Adsorption on Surface Surface Reaction Single Site Dual Site Desorption from Surface

Steps in a Catalytic Reaction Adsorption on Surface Surface Reaction Dual Site

Steps in a Catalytic Reaction Surface Reaction Eley-Rideal Desorption form Surface

End of Lecture 23