A different kind of smart; A different kind of learning…

At the end of the workshop, you should be able to: Recognize the importance of individual differences and develop a greater sensitivity to personal characteristics. Define intelligence. Define Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence (MI). Identify the basis of the MI theory. List the different types of intelligences according to MI theory.

At the end of the workshop, you should be able to: Specify the characteristics of each type of intelligence. Use a specific tool to identify a person’s dominant intelligences. Specify the suitable teaching strategies for each type of intelligence. Design a lesson where at least 4 intelligences are addressed. Propose evaluation methods that address different intelligences.

HOW SMART ARE YOU?

Video 1

IT'S NOT HOW SMART YOU ARE - IT'S HOW YOU ARE SMART!

Intelligence Francis Galton, influenced by his half-cousin Charles Darwin, believed intelligence was a real faculty with a biological basis that could be studied by measuring reaction times to certain cognitive tasks.

Intelligence David Wechsler defined intelligence as the capacity of an individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his or her surroundings or situation.

Intelligence In the mid-20th century, Raymond B. Cattell proposed two types of intelligence rather than a single general intelligence. Fluid intelligence (Gf) is the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. Crystallized intelligence (Gc) is the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience.

Intelligence “. . . that facet of mind underlying our capacity to think, to solve novel problems, to reason and to have knowledge of the world.” M. Anderson “A person possesses intelligence insofar as he has learned, or can learn, to adjust himself to his environment.” S. S. Colvin

Multiple Intelligences The theory of multiple intelligences is Howard Gardner’s theory that proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have. It says that intelligence can be learned throughout life. It claims that everyone is intelligent in at least eight different ways and can develop each aspect of intelligence to an average level of competency.

Basis of the MI theory Potential isolation by brain damage. The existence of prodigies, mentally handicapped individuals with savant behaviors and other exceptional individuals. An identifiable core operation or a set of operations. (This might be something that spurs an area in a particular intelligence.

Basis of the MI theory A distinctive developmental history, along with a definable set of expert "end state" performances (such as milestones linked to training or physical maturation.) An evolutionary history and evolutionary plausibility. Early cave drawings show an evolutionary history of visual spatial intelligence, for example. Support from experimental psychological tasks. (The cognitive psychologist can study linguistic or spatial processing quite specifically.)

Basis of the MI theory Support from experimental psychological tasks. (The cognitive psychologist can study linguistic or spatial processing quite specifically.) Support from psychometric findings. These would be standardized tests that would provide "complimentary evidence"; however, Gardner suggests that they should be used cautiously. Susceptibility to encoding in a symbol system. (Language, pictures or mathematical symbols are examples of symbol systems.)

8 Multiple Intelligences *Verbal/ Linguistic *Visual/ Spatial *Interpersonal *Musical/ Rhythmic *Logical/ Mathematical *Intrapersonal *Bodily/ Kinesthetic * Naturalistic

Linguistic Intelligence

Verbal/ Linguistic Intelligence Capacities involved: --understanding order & meaning of words --convincing someone of a course of action --explaining, teaching, and learning  --humor  --memory & recall  --"meta-linguistic" analysis 

Verbal/ Linguistic Intelligence Careers These people would do well in these careers. Typist Novelist Comedian Politician Orator Actor Curator Author Journalist Poet Playwright Radio Announcer Speech Pathologist (one who interprets)

Logical/ mathematical Intelligence

Logical/Mathematical lntelligence Capacities involved: --abstract pattern recognition --inductive reasoning --deductive reasoning  --discerning relationships & connections --performing complex calculations --scientific reasoning

Careers Accountant Actuary Auditor Banker Bookkeeper Businessperson Computer Analyst Computer Programmer Doctor Economist Legal Assistant Mathematician Purchasing Agent Science Researcher Science Teacher Statistician Technician Underwriter

Visual/Spatial Intelligencej This intelligence, which relies on the sense of sight and being able to visualize an object, includes the ability to create internal mental images/pictures.

Visual/Spatial Intelligence Capacities involved: --active imagination  --forming mental images  --finding your way in space  --image manipulations  --graphic representation --recognizing relationships of objects in space  --accurate perception from different angles 

Possible Careers Advertising Agent Architect Cartographer(Map Maker) Drafter Engineer Fine Artist Graphic Designer Fashion Designer Interior Designer Inventor Painter Photographer Pilot Sculptor Surveyor Urban Planner

Body/Kinesthetic Intelligence This intelligence is related to physical movement and the knowing/wisdom of the body. Including the brain's motor cortex, which control bodily motion.

Body/Kinesthetic Intelligence Body/kinesthetic intelligence is awakened through physical movement such as in various sports, dance, and physical exercises as well as by the expression of oneself through the body, such as inventing, drama, body language, and creative/interpretive dance.

Body/Kinesthetic Intelligence Love Dancing Running Jumping Building Touching Gesturing Need Role play Drama Movement Things to build Sports and physical games Tactile (touchable) experiences Hands-on learning

Body/Kinesthetic Intelligence Possible Career Choices Jeweler Mechanic Mime P.E. Teacher Physical Therapist Actress Actor Athlete Carpenter Choreographer (creates and arranges dances) Craftsman Dancer Farmer Forest Ranger

Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence This intelligence is based on the recognition of tonal patterns, including various environmental sounds, and on a sensitivity to rhythm and beats.

Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence Capacities involved: --appreciation for the structure of music --schemes or frames in the mind for hearing music --sensitivity to sounds  --recognition, creation, and reproduction of melody/rhythm --sensing characteristic qualities of tone

Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence • Song Writer • Performing Musician • Piano Turner • Singer • Musical Theater Actor/ Actress • Studio Engineer • Instrument Manager • Rapper Advertising Agent Conductor Disc Jockey Film/Instrument Maker Composer Music Teacher Sound Engineer Music Therapist

Interpersonal Intelligence This intelligence operates primarily through person-to-person relationships and communication.

Interpersonal Intelligence Capacities involved: --effective verbal/non-verbal communication  --sensitivity to other's moods, temperaments, motivations, and feelings  --working cooperatively in a group  --ability to discern other's underlying intentions and behavior  --"passing over" into the perspective of another 

Interpersonal Intelligence Careers Administrator Anthropologist Arbitrator Counselor Manager Nurse Personnel Director Politician Public Relations Salesperson School Principal Sociologist Therapist Teacher Travel Agent Religious Leader Psychologist

Intra-personal Intelligence This intelligence relates to inner states of being, self-reflection, metacognition (i.e. thinking about thinking), and awareness of spiritual realities

Intra-personal Intelligence Capacities involved: --concentration of the mind --mindfulness --metacognition --awareness and expression of different feelings --higher-order thinking and reasoning

Careers • Clergyman • Psychiatrist • Psychology Teacher • Philosopher • Researcher • Spiritual Counselor • Psychologist

MI test

Why Use Multiple Intelligences Reach students you normally don’t reach Stretch students in all directions Begin to value all different kinds of people Spice up you teaching/life Gain the ability to teach differently Become everyone's favorite teacher

Applications Dr. Gardner says that our schools and culture focus most of their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, where some unique ways of thinking aren’t addressed. This often leads to kids being labeled as “learning disabled” or “hyperactive” when they may not be.

The theory of multiple intelligences proposes a major transformation in the way our schools are run. It suggests that teachers be trained to present their lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, inner reflection, and much more

Evaluation

Six Hats storyboard

Video 2

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