India and Pakistan in the 20th Century

The Indian Colony Becomes A New Nation- 1900–Present SECTION 1 The Indian Subcontinent Achieves Freedom These are my notes for slide 2 NEXT

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire

The British Take Control British East India Company Early British imperialism in India was carried out by the British East India Trading Company. It soon became embroiled in Indian politics. East India Company activity limited to coastal trading cities while Mughal Empire strong Mid-1700s, when empire broke apart into small states, East India Company leaders saw chance to take over Indian lands The British Take Control Manipulated rulers of states, suggested each needed British support to keep throne Played rulers against each other, kept India in chaos Company’s army took over much of India, claiming it had to restore order Kept India in Chaos

Background: History- Imperialism put GB in control of India. How did they do this? Superior weapons, AND the Indians are not pulling together. A lack of Nationalism. Sepoy Mutiny- 1857 India tries to get rid of GB, and fails. Britain, with 1 million soldiers, controls 700 million Indians.

Attempting to Overthrow the British Raj

History- Imperialism put GB in control of India. Superior weapons, AND the Indians are not pulling together. A lack of Nationalism. Sepoy Mutiny- 1857 India tries to get rid of GB, and fails. Britain, with 1 million soldiers, controls 700 million Indians. WWI- (1914-1917) India fights with the GB and is promised reforms and eventual freedom. * What is the treaty that ends WWI?

They gain some rights, and education increases Most in India expected freedom, based on Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points. However, GB kept a hold on their “Jewel in the Crown” They gain some rights, and education increases Some of the educated people, now push for more rights and selfrule* Nationalism + Revolution = ? Independence

Amristar Massacre- A protest of GB rule in 1919 Amristar Massacre- A protest of GB rule in 1919. The British opened fire on the crowd of 10,000 and killed between 400-1200. Result?? Muslims and Hindus banded together. 1920 - Mohandas Gandhi- emerges as a leader. He was GB educated and a lawyer. He uses GB Laws against the Brits*

Civil Disobedience- refusal to obey rules, WITHOUT violence Civil Disobedience- refusal to obey rules, WITHOUT violence. Slow, but affective. Takes HUGE determination. Hunger strike- Gandhi would often be arrested, and refuse to eat. The British were afraid he would die in their custody, and get the blame. He was LOVED, so this would have caused riots! Most of the time they just let him go*

Salt March- Gandhi marches to the sea, eats the salt, and they arrest him, On Footage!!!! This was a small crime, but made a big point for the Indians.

Salt March- Gandhi marches to the sea, eats the salt, and they arrest him, On Footage!!!! This was a small crime, but made a big point for the Indians. (NOT the wo,wo wo kind) World Public opinion puts pressure on GB. They are seen as brutal. They are embarrassed in the press. After WWI – India expected Ind based on Wilson’s 14 points. (Self Determination) but…, GB kept a hold on their “Jewel in the Crown” *Why?

Both WWI + II make GB weak, and by 1947, India is given independence Both WWI + II make GB weak, and by 1947, India is given independence. But……. Despite being known as the “Mahatma” or Great one, he could not keep India together. Group #1: Hindu Congress party- This elected body claimed to represent India, but Hindu were 350 million, and Muslims were 100 million.

#2 Muslim league- protected Muslim interests, and in 1940 they suggested a partition (separation) of the country. In 1946 Rioting breaks out- 4 days of fighting kills and injures more than 20,000 Hindus and Muslims do not agree, so they will split the country into India and Pakistan. Both WWI + II makes GB weak, and By 1947, India is given independence. But…….it became two separate nations.

India was primarily in the southern portions of the sub-continent (see map) and Pakistan was in the north.

India and Pakistan

India was primarily in the southern portions of the sub-continent (see map) and Pakistan was in the north. In 1947- 10 million people moved to either Pakistan or India based on religion. Riots and fights broke out among the moving groups of people and 1 million are killed! 1948- an extremist shoots Gandhi for being too kind to Muslims.

Border problems

Jawaharlal Nehru India’s first Prime Minister, and leads for 17 years Jawaharlal Nehru India’s first Prime Minister, and leads for 17 years. He establishes a nation based on Democracy (because of GB) and is today the largest Democracy in the world.

Jawaharlal Nehru India’s first Prime Minister, and leads for 17 years Jawaharlal Nehru India’s first Prime Minister, and leads for 17 years. He establishes a nation based on Democracy (because of GB) and is today the largest Democracy in the world. (He is also Assassinated) India’s problem’s today: Fighting over disputed land between Pakistan and India, called Kashmir. A population which is now over 1 billion. (what problems does this cause)?

1971 India-Pakistan War

Pakistan – Became a nation divided into two parts, East and West *Pakistan – Became a nation divided into two parts, East and West. This became two difficult to manage, so in 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh (see map) Ceylon, Or Sri Lanka- (see map) The island off the coast of India also wants independence. India sends troops to stop the violence, but fails, and they still have a civil war today.

Kashmir crisis

Problems Today: Overpopulation  1 billion & climbing. Economic development. Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues  dowry killings. Caste bias  discrimination against untouchables continues. The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons. Political assassinations.

The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in the Late 1990s

Is this a possibility?

Is the dream gone?

What title would you give this political cartoon?