Unit 3: Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COPYING NOTES Copy all notes in 2-column (Cornell) style You don’t need to copy tables, diagrams, or pictures, UNLESS INSTRUCTED TO. You DO need to copy all informational slides (“words”) Leave room for a 3-sentence summary at the bottom of each page. All notes are copied into SPIRAL* *If you are an AVID student, you may keep notes in binder

Essential Question #1 What are the 3 statements of cell theory and what scientists helped develop the cell theory?

Discovery of Cells don’t copy Robert Hooke (1600’s) discovered “little chambers” (cells) in cork plant Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600’s)used microscope to view living things in pond water. Saw things swimming around!

Discovery of Cells, cont. don’t copy Matthias Schleiden (1838) concluded plants made of cells Thoedor Schwann (1839) concluded all animals made of cells NOTE:The use of the microscope was essential to the development of Cell Theory.

Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. All cells come from parent cells through cell division. cell theory video

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells don’t copy Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Essential Question #2 How can I differentiate between the 2 main categories of cells? compare & contrast the cell structures of the 2 categories of cells Identify the living things that are made of each of these types of cells.

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic “pro-” means “before” (like “pre”) No n______________ Older life forms are prokaryotes Eukaryotic “eu-” means “true” Has nucleus “newer” life forms are eukaryotic Remember: “Pro-No, Eu-Do”

Prokaryotic Cells Do not have o___________ surrounded by membranes V. few internal structures All prokaryotes are one-celled organisms B___________ http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Cells Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms are eukaryotic Plants, animals, f_____, algae Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Essential Question #3 What is the structure & function of the major organelles found in eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells?

“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Essential Question #4 What structures/organelles are found in plant and animal cells? How do they differ?

Eukaryotic Cell Parts “Organelles”

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls m______ in and out of the cell Double layers of fat “phospholipid bilayer” What part of this word tells you that the cell membrane is made of fats? http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall Most commonly found in S_____ & p_____ cells plant cells bacteria fungi S_____ & p_____ cells Made of carbohydrate http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from c_______ by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of t____ layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromatin Form DNA takes most of the time. Like spaghetti Made of DNA wrapped up w/p_______.

Chromosomes In nucleus DNA wrapped up tight by proteins called “histones” Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material in prokaryotes

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on e___________ r________ & floating in the cytoplasm http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Located in organisms that produce _____ like _____ Rough type (pictured): R_____ are embedded in surface Located in organs responsible for producing proteins, like the ________ http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions by breaking down f___ & c_________. Also known as the “powerhouse of the cell” Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome Digestive ‘factory' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to c___ m_______ for removal The cell will break down if lysosome breaks! http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain s______ http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells (not in animal) Contains green chlorophyll Where p__________ takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Centrioles Used during animal cell division (not present in plant & most other cells)

Flagellum Is a whiplike structure that extends outside the cell. Is used for movement.

Cilia Small, hairlike projections that extend outside the cell For m_______ & capturing food