CELLS Unit 2 Chapter 7

Principles of Cell Theory Unit of life All living things are made of cells All cells come from cells (no spontaneous generation)

Cells unicellular Multicellular

cells Many types Different functions

Cell Size <iframe width="560" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/t4Tst9DZFPI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Membrane around cytoplasm Cytoplasm – thick fluid with organelles DNA All Cells Have: Membrane around cytoplasm Cytoplasm – thick fluid with organelles DNA

Organelles Cellular “organs” made of macromolecules

Cell Types Prokaryotic: bacteria Eukaryotic: plants, animals

Prokaryotic Cells NO nucleus Organelles have no membranes First cell type on Earth Smaller than eukaryotic cells bacteria

Possess many organelles with membranes Eukaryotic Cells HAS a nucleus Possess many organelles with membranes Plants, Animals, fungi, protozoans Protozoan

Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells Plant vs animal cells ribosomes

Centriole Barrel-shaped made up of 9 microtubules Structure Function Barrel-shaped made up of 9 microtubules found in only animal cells Organizes spindle fibers used during cell division Helps in forming flagella and cilia Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Mitochondria Double Membrane Structure Function Double Membrane Outer is smooth Inner cristae is folded to increase surface area “Powerhouse” - - Site of cellular respiration Breaks down glucose to Produce ATP (energy) Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Golgi Body Stacks of membranes and sacs in cytoplasm Structure Function Stacks of membranes and sacs in cytoplasm Found near cell membrane Prepares protein for secretion Adds carbohydrates to the proteins to make glycoproteins. “post office”, labeling directions Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R) Structure Function Membrane vesicles covered with ribosomes Connects to nuclear membrane Transports proteins made on its surface Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Nuclear Membrane Separates the chromatin from the rest of the cell Structure Function Separates the chromatin from the rest of the cell Pores allow material to enter and leave the nucleus Lipid bilayer containing many openings (pores) Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Ribosomes Tiny “Packets” of RNA. Site of protein synthesis Structure Function Tiny “Packets” of RNA. Made up of a large and a small subunit Site of protein synthesis “protein factory” Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Cell Membrane Structure Function Flexible boundary that surrounds the cell Bi-layer of proteins & phospholipids Selectively permeable: Regulates what enters & leaves the cell “border” Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R.) Structure Function Vesicles NOT covered with ribosomes synthesis of lipids and protein. transports large molecules around the cell Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Lysosome Spherical body in the cytoplasm found in animal cells Structure Function Spherical body in the cytoplasm found in animal cells Storage of digestive enzymes (for digesting food or worn out cell parts) “recycling truck” Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Cytoplasm Structure Function Made up of the cytosol (jelly/liquid within the cell) and all of the organelles Site of glycolysis (breaking down glucose molecules) Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Chromatin “Unwound” chromosomes (DNA) Structure Function “Unwound” chromosomes (DNA) Instructions (genetic code) for producing all of the body’s proteins Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Nucleolus Spherical body found in the nucleus Produces ribosomes Structure Function Spherical body found in the nucleus Produces ribosomes Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Nucleus Large membrane bound organelle Controls cellular activity Structure Function Large membrane bound organelle Controls cellular activity Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Vacuole Membrane bound organelle Structure Function Membrane bound organelle Large in plants and fungi very small or absent in bacteria, protists, or animal cells Storage of water, digestive enzymes, wastes and food Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Cell Wall Protection and support Structure Function Rigid Structure outside plasma membrane Made of cellulose (in plants) Protection and support Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Chloroplast Structure Function Double membrane spherical body containing structures called thylakoids Found in plants and algae Site of photosynthesis (glucose production) Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Cytoskeleton A network of microtubules and microfilaments Structure Function A network of microtubules and microfilaments Support and aid in transport within the cell Back to Animal Cell Back to Plant Cell

Organelle Flashcards Back of card write: Front of card write: PICTURE OF ORGANELLE Front of card write: NAME OF ORGANELLE MITOCHONDRIA Provide energy for the cell “power house “ of the cell