GEO BASICS CONT.

QUICK REVIEW!! How is it used? Absolute Location What makes up the grid? Lines of Latitude and Longitude Longitude Lines a.k.a. Meridians Marks the distance East & West of the Prime Meridian Also marks the time of day. Latitude Lines a.k.a Parallels Marks the distance North & South of the Equator. Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn are lines of latitude.

HOW MAPS LIE!! Scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map is called projection. Earth’s spherical shape causes distortion when drawing it on a flat piece of paper. Four types of distortion Shape of an area can be distorted. Distance between points may become increased or decreased. Relative size of different areas can be altered. Direction between points can be distorted

TYPES OF REFERENCE MAPS Reference Maps – depict various features in a specific area Political Maps Physical Maps

TYPES OF THEMATIC MAPS Thematic Maps – depict specific features in a large area Flow Line Map Choropleth Map Choropleth

POPULATION DENSITY (DOT MAP) CLIMATE (ISOCLINE) MAPS

ELEVATION (TOPOGRAPHIC) MAPS CARTOGRAM (POPULATION) MAP

POPULATION PYRAMID CLIMOGRAPH

MAP SCALE Map Scale is presented in THREE ways Ratio or Fraction Scale: Ex. 1:10,000 or 1/10,000 Written Scale; Ex 1 inch equals 1 mile Graphic Scale: Usually consists of a bar line marked to show distance on Earth’s surface.

PLACE

MOVEMENT HOW PEOPLE, IDEAS, AND PRODUCTS MOVE FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER—HOW PEOPLE CONNECT. Geographers look at three types of distance: linear, time, and psychological distance. Linear distance means how far across the earth an idea, a person, or a product travels. Time distance is how long it takes a person, product, or idea to travel. Psychological distance is a term used to describe the way people view distance. Studies show that as we become familiar with a place, we think it is closer than it actually is. Less familiar places seem farther away.

REGIONS A region derives its unified character through the cultural landscape ─ a combination of cultural, religious, and physical features. Formal Regions are defined by common characteristics. (Uniform, Homogeneous) HAS BORDERS! Functional Regions are organized around interactions between places out from a focal point. (Nodal) HAS MOVEMENT! Perceptual Regions have characteristics that are perceived to be similar. They are defined by popular feelings, images, & culture. (Vernacular)

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION HOW PEOPLE USE, ALTER AND RESPOND TO ASPECTS OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT.