CIVIL WAR People Vocabulary 1860 Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

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Presentation transcript:

CIVIL WAR People Vocabulary 1860 Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Ulysses Grant 1861 Vocabulary Sectionalism Secession Union Confederacy Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address 1863 1863 1865

EVENTS LEADING UP TO CIVIL WAR Missouri Compromise (1820) Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Dred Scott case (1857) John Brown (1859) Sectionalism

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1860 In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again (1st time as senators of IL), this time for president Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president He was the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories

1860 ELECTION RESULTS

SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE Lincoln received no support in the South because they believed he wanted to end slavery Since there were so many more people in the North, he won the election anyway As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede This means the South split from the Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the United States Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave when they wanted

CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede They were followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas The eleven states that had seceded formed the Confederate States of America They named Jefferson Davis as president They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery legal

CIVIL WAR BEGINS The event that triggered war came at Fort Sumter in Charleston Bay on April 12, 1861 Claiming this United States fort as their own, the Confederate army opened fire on the federal garrison and forced it to lower the American flag in surrender Lincoln called out the militia to suppress this "insurrection." By the end of 1861 nearly a million armed men confronted each other along a line stretching 1200 miles from Virginia to Missouri

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION JANUARY 1, 1863 The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free” It freed enslaved persons only in parts of the Confederacy not under the control of the Union army. The proclamation had no effect on enslaved African Americans in the border states that had not joined the Confederacy Did Lincoln have any say over the Confederate States of America? South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation, but it did change to focus of the war to the issue of slavery.

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS NOV 1863 Both sides lost many men (confederates = 28,000, union = 23,000) Confederates lost the battle of Gettysburg and it was a huge defeat Lincoln visited the battle site to dedicate a cemetery to honor those soldiers who died there His speech created a huge advancement in individual rights in the U.S. He said that all Americans regardless of heritage had a stake in the future of the nation Lincoln redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but also for the principle of human equality

CIVIL WAR ENDS – 1865 The Confederacy had lost a huge proportion of their military and those that were left were hungry and demoralized. 360,000 Union soldiers and 260,000 Confederate soldiers died (about 1/3). 375,000 were wounded. April 14, 1865 – Lincoln Assassination. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War.

LINCOLN IS ASSASSINATED On April 14, 1865 Lincoln was shot in the head while attending a play in at Ford’s theater in Washington, D.C. He was the first president ever assassinated His killer, John Wilkes Booth escaped, but was shot and killed later More than 7,000,000 Americans turned out to mourn -1/3rd of population The play was a British comedy called, My American Cousin

EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history Over 620,000 died -nearly as many as all other U.S. wars combined The role of the federal government increased Economically the gap between North and South widened Slavery abolished North=economy boom South=economy devastated U.S. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Year for Population Estimate War Deaths % of Total War Deaths Year for Population Estimate Estimated Population Deaths/ Population Revolutionary War 4,435 0% 1783 2,963,726 0.15% War of 1812 2,260 1815 8,439,167 0.03% Mexican War 13,283 1% 1848 21,966,171 0.06% Civil War 624,511 49% 1865 35,000,846 1.78% Spanish-American War 2,446 1898 73,565,688 0.00% World War 1 116,516 9% 1918 103,262,929 0.11% World War 2 405,399 32% 1945 141,745,184 0.29% Korean War 36,516 3% 1953 159,725,011 0.02% Vietnam War 58,152 5% 1973 210,274,081