How to Make a Protein?

Pathway to Making a Protein DNA mRNA tRNA (ribosomes) Protein

DNA  RNA  Protein Eukaryotic Cell DNA Pre-mRNA mRNA Ribosome Protein Nuclear membrane Transcription RNA Processing Translation DNA Pre-mRNA mRNA Ribosome Protein Eukaryotic Cell

Transcription DNA  RNA

RNA is the BLUEPRINT of the Master Plan What is RNA? Ribonucleic acid Its job is to take information from the DNA and bring it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. DNA is the MASTER PLAN RNA is the BLUEPRINT of the Master Plan

DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA Deoxyribose sugar Ribose Sugar Nucleotide Nucleotide Thymine Uracil Double Helix Single Strand

Let’s repeat!

. Three Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

Messenger RNA Long Straight chain of Nucleotides Made in the Nucleus Copies DNA & leaves through nuclear pores Contains the Nitrogen Bases A, G, C, U ( no T )

Let’s create some RNA!! White boards PLEASE!!......

Transcription The DNA uncoils and copied on ONE strand. mRNA copies the template strand of DNA with the enzyme RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase bind to one side of the DNA template at the promoter site. When the enzyme gets to the termination signal, it comes off of the DNA and transcription has stopped

Template Strand

http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html

Practice Question Transcribe the following sequence to show the resulting mRNA. A T G A T T C G T

Translation RNA  Proteins

Protein Synthesis Translation is the process of decoding mRNA into Protein (or polypeptide chains) Proteins are the physical display of your genetic information or DNA.

Ribosomes read mRNA three bases or 1 codon at a time to construct the proteins Start codons= translation to starts (AUG) Stop codons = translation to stop (UAA, UAG, UGA)

Translation The mRNA is attached to the ribosome Finds a start codon. AUG The tRNA brings a specific an amino acid at one end and has an anticodon (complementary to the mRNA) on the other. Each tRNA brings an amino acid that binds together to form a protein.

Translation Translation occurs in 3 parts: Initiation-mRNA attaches to ribosome Elongation-tRNA bring specific amino acids that match with mRNA building the polypeptide chain Termination-mRNA detaches from ribosome and protein is finishes assembling.

http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a3.html