Causes of the Civil War US History

Discussion Question How had the North and the South evolved into two distinct regions by 1848?

Background to the Crisis Nullification Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions South Carolina Tariff Crisis Sectionalism Sectional Balance in Congress Manifest Destiny

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Background to the Compromise of 1850 California Gold Rush (2) Underground Railroad (SUS 4: 28:29-31:07)

Compromise of 1850 Terms of the Compromise (Clay) California – Free State Ends the balance of free and slave in the Senate Popular Sovereignty in Utah & New Mexico People in each territory will decide if the state will be free or slave New Stricter Fugitive Slave Law All people in the nation will be responsible for helping to capture escaped slaves (SUS 31:07 – 32:45)

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Story Impact Domestically Impact Abroad

Kansas Nebraska Act Kansas Nebraska Act Proposed to have popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories Cancels the Missouri Compromise Bleeding Kansas Birth of Republican Party Set up to stop the spread of slavery

Trouble in Congress - 1856 Caning of Sumner Reaction from North Reaction from South

Dred Scott v. Sanford Background: Dred Scott was a slave who moved to free territory for while with his master and then returned to a slave state. When he returned to the South, he sued for his freedom. Legal Question(s): Is Dred Scott a slave or free? Legal Decision: A slave. Slaves are not citizens, but property. Impact: Congress cannot prohibit slavery in any territory. Further divides the North and South in the late 1850s.

Harper’s Ferry (1859) (SUS4 36:47-40:54) John Brown’s Plan Outcome Reaction

Election of 1860 (SUS4 40:54-45:10) Election of 1860 Split of Democrats (N and S) N. Democrats – Stephen Douglas S. Democrats – John Breckinridge Republicans Abe Lincoln – stop spread of slavery Constitutional Union Party John Bell – middle states afraid of the looming fight Results

Secession (1860/1861) Secession – to leave the country After Lincoln won the election, several states in the deep South secede from (leave) the United States Felt their views were threatened Were mad that Lincoln was elected without any southern votes Not all slave states seceded

Key Terms Missouri Compromise popular sovereignty Underground Railroad Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act Republican Party Caning of Sumner Dred Scott Harper’s Ferry Abraham Lincoln secession

TEA Why did the South secede? T E (2-3 examples) A

Manifest Destiny/Expansion

California Gold Rush

California Gold Rush

Underground Railroad

Henry Clay

John Calhoun “In that case California will become the test question. If you admit her under all the difficulties that oppose her admission, you compel us to infer that you intend to exclude us from the whole of the acquired Territories, with the intention of destroying irretrievably the equilibrium between the two sections. We should be blind not to perceive in that case that your real objects are power...”

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin In the course of the day, Tom was working with the woman who had been bought in the same lot with himself. She was evidently in a condition of great suffering and Tom often heard her praying, as she wavered and trembled, and seemed about to fall down. Tom silently, as he came near to her, transferred several handfuls of cotton from his own sack to hers. “Oh, don’t , don’t!” said the woman, looking surprised; “it’ll get you in trouble.” Just then Sambo came up. He seemed to have a special spite against this woman and flourishing his whip, said, in brutal, guttural tones, “What dis yer, Luce-follin’a?” and, with a word, kicking the women with his heavy cowhide shoe, he struck Tom across the face with his whip. Tom silently resumed his task; but the woman, before at the point of exhaustion fainted. “I’ll bring her to!” said the driver with a brutal grin. “I’ll give her something better than the camphire!” and taking his pin from his coat sleeve, he buried it into the head in her flesh. The woman groaned and half rose. “Get up you beast, and work, will yer, or I’ll show you a trick more!”

Kansas Nebraska Act - 1854

Reaction to Kansas Nebraska

The Republican Party Firmly opposed the expansion of slavery into any of the territories. Anti Slavery Whigs Free Soil Democrats

Bleeding Kansas

Caning of Sumner

James Buchanan John Fremont

Dred Scott Roger Taney

Lincoln Douglas Debates - 1858

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

Stephen Douglas (N) John Breckenridge (S)

Constitutional Union Party

Republican Party Republican Platform No extension of slavery into the territories

Secession