Activated neutrophils and platelet microaggregates impede blood filterability through microchannels during simulated extracorporeal circulation Yukihiro.

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Activated neutrophils and platelet microaggregates impede blood filterability through microchannels during simulated extracorporeal circulation Yukihiro Yoshimura, MD, Yuji Hiramatsu, MD, PhD, Yukio Sato, MD, PhD, Satoshi Homma, MD, PhD, Yoshiharu Enomoto, MD, Yuji Kikuchi, PhD, Yuzuru Sakakibara, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 75, Issue 4, Pages 1254-1260 (April 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3

Fig 1 Diagram of the microchannels. The silicon substrate surface has the compartments partitioned by the banks. The contact of the upper surface of the bank to the glass plate could be made watertight with mechanical pressing alone because of the optical flatness of both surfaces. (D = depth, 4.5 μm; W = width, 6.0 μm; L = length, 10 μm; L′ = length of the terrace, 30 μm.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)

Fig 2 Video-microscope pictures before and during recirculation (donor sample and 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes of recirculation). The microchannels are seen in the center of each picture, and the blood flows from right to left. Plugging of microchannels with neutrophils and platelet microaggregates increased as the recirculation time increased. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)

Fig 3 Scanning electron microscope picture of the microchannels. Neutrophil plugs (A) and formed platelet aggregates (B) are detectable. (Original magnification ×3300 for A and ×3500 for B). (N = neutrophil; P = platelet; RBC = red blood cell.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)

Fig 4 The change in transit time of whole blood through microchannels before and during recirculation. Data points are standardized as a percentage of the donor value for each time point. Values are the mean ± standard error of the mean. †p = 0.0012 at 30 minutes, p = 0.001 at 60 minutes, p = 0.0039 at 120 minutes by single-factor analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction compared with the donor value. (SC = standing control.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)

Fig 5 Expression of CD11b on neutrophil surface before and during recirculation. Data points are standardized as a percentage of the donor value for each time point. Values are the mean ± standard error of the mean. *p < 0.001; †p = 0.0087 by single-factor analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction compared with the donor value. (SC = standing control.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)

Fig 6 Expression of L-selectin on neutrophil surface before and during recirculation. Data points are standardized as a percentage of the donor value for each time point. Values are the mean ± standard error of the mean. *p < 0.001; ‡p = 0.014 by single-factor analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction as compared with the donor value. (SC = standing control.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)

Fig 7 Expression of neutrophil F-actin before and during recirculation. Data points are standardized as a percentage of the donor value for each time point. Values are the mean ± standard error of the mean. ‡p = 0.014 at 30 minutes, p = 0.032 at 60 minutes by single-factor analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction as compared with the donor value. (SC = standing control.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 1254-1260DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04717-3)