Patterns in the periodic table

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Presentation transcript:

Patterns in the periodic table Notes: Periodic Table Part 1 Patterns in the periodic table

The Periodic Table

How do I read the periodic table? 2 ways to read Up/down (vertical)= Column Left/right (horizontal) = Row

What is a Family/Group? A family/group is a column 1-18 families on table They have similar properties due to same number of valence electrons.

What is a Period? A period is a row. 1-7 periods on table All elements in a period have the same number of orbitals.

What happens to valence electrons as you go from left to right? Valence electrons INCREASE

What happens to the size of the atom as you go down a group? The atom gets larger the farther you go down a group.

Atom gets smaller from left to right across a period. What happens to the size of the atom as you go from left to right across a period? Atom gets smaller from left to right across a period.

What happens to the atomic number across a period? ATOMIC NUMBER INCREASES

What happens to the atomic mass across a period? ATOMIC MASS INCREASES

What happens to density from left to right in a period? Density INCREASES then DECREASES

Boiling Point INCREASES then Decreases What happens to boiling/melting point from left to right in a period? Boiling Point INCREASES then Decreases

What is ionization energy? Ionization energy is the energy needed for an atom to lose an electron. Elements in group 1 or 2 only have 1 or 2 valence electrons so they easily give up their electrons. This is why they have a low ionization energy. It doesn’t take much for them to give away an electron. Ionization energy increases from left to right, so it gets harder for elements to lose their electrons.

What happens to reactivity in the periodic table? Metals get more reactive to the left of the table and down a group. Non-metals get more reactive to the right of the table and up a group. (excluding group 18)