Circulatory Disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 1

Circulatory disorders: Aneurysm A ballooning and weakening in the artery wall that is subject to burst at any given time due to the pressure on the artery. If aneurysm ruptures can cause a major bleed, possibly leading to death. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2

Circulatory disorders: Aneurysm Possible surgery depending on where aneurysm is located. Many times carefully watched, surgery is too dangerous. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3

Circulatory disorders: Angina Pectoris Severe chest pain that arises when the heart does not receive enough oxygen. May feel like a heart attack but it is not. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4

Circulatory disorders: Angina Pectoris Treated with nitroglycerin Symptoms: Chest pain Shortness of breath Left shoulder and arm pain 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 5

Circulatory disorders: Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm of 75 bpm at rest BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute) TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute) What is the normal range for pulse? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 6

Circulatory disorders: Atherosclerosis Hardening of the arteries caused by a fat-like substance that has built up in the artery, reducing blood flow. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 7

Circulatory disorders: Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the artery causing thickening of the artery wall from aging, reducing blood flow because artery can not push blood around efficiently. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 8

Arteriosclerosis vs Atherosclerosis What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? Both cause reduced blood flow in the artery. Arteriosclerosis is a result of aging - the arteries lose their elasticity. Atherosclerosis is caused by lipid deposits in artery wall. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 9

Circulatory disorders: Coronary Artery Disease A disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary (heart) arteries. Can be genetic or diet related. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10

Circulatory disorders: Coronary Artery Disease This can stop the blood flow to the heart and cause a heart attack. Treatment: Medication or cardiac catheterization to open artery and place a stint. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 11

Circulatory disorders: Hypertension What is hypertension? High Blood Pressure 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 12

Circulatory disorders: Hypertension What factors influence the development of hypertension? Smoking Overweight Stress High fat diet Family history Lack of exercise 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13

Circulatory disorders: Hypertension How is it treated? Relaxation Low fat diet Exercise Weight loss Medication 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 14

Circulatory disorders: Hypertension Why is it called the “silent killer?” Hypertension usually has no symptoms 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 15

Circulatory disorders: Heart Failure Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 16

Circulatory disorders: Heart Failure Symptoms: Coughing Tiredness Shortness of breath Pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs) Weakness of the heart Pleural effusion (fluid around the lung) Fluid in abdomen Swelling lower legs 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 17

Circulatory disorders: Heart Failure Treatment: Heart healthy diet Exercise Drink the right amount of fluids Lose weight Quit smoking 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 18

Circulatory disorders: Murmurs An extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat. Murmurs range from very faint to very loud. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 19

Circulatory disorders: Murmurs What is the most common instrument used to detect murmurs? A stethoscope 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 20

Circulatory disorders: Murmurs http://floe.vpg.com/floe/projects/HAO2/engines/audio/diastolicMurmur.mp3 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 21

Circulatory disorders: Myocardial Infarction MI or Heart Attack Lack of blood supply to myocardium causes damage. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 22

Circulatory disorders: Myocardial Infarction Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot Due to atherosclerosis-plaque build up on arterial walls Due to arteriosclerosis-loss of elasticity and thickening of artery wall 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 23

Circulatory disorders: Myocardial Infarction Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 24

Circulatory disorders: Peripheral Vascular Disease PAD Is a disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to your head, organs, and limbs. Plaque is made up of fat (lipids) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 25

Circulatory disorders: Peripheral Vascular Disease How can PVD be prevented? Eat healthy Whole grains (fiber) Fat free and low fat diet Stop smoking exercise 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 26

Circulatory disorders: Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump blood to the body efficiently, it can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs to the left side of the heart. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 27

Circulatory disorders: Pulmonary Edema As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs. This fluid reduces normal oxygen movement through the lungs. This and the increased pressure can lead to shortness of breath. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 28

Circulatory disorders: Pulmonary Edema Treatment is medication called Lasix which is a diuretic given to help the patient get rid of extra fluid. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 29

Circulatory disorders: Transient Ischemic Attack TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow (ischemia) to the brain. The cause is usually a narrowing of the carotid artery due to an accumulation of fat. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 30

Circulatory disorders: Transient Ischemic Attack Symptoms: Remember the acronym F.A.S.T. 31

Circulatory disorders: Varicose Veins Swollen, distended veins. Cause: Hereditary or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 32

Circulatory disorders: Varicose Veins Prevention Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 33

Circulatory disorders Leading Causes of Death: The Impact of Circulatory Disorders CVD 41% 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 34

4 chambers: 4 valves: 4 major vessels: Include: rt atrium, lft atrium, rt. Ventricle, lft ventricle 4 valves: bicuspic, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary 4 major vessels: pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, vena cava (superior and inferior) Include: septum, and coronary arteries (and veins)