Chapter 9 - The Civil War 1861-1865

Abolitionists push for Lincoln to face issue African Americans and the War Focus: How did the Emancipation Proclamation and the efforts of African American soldiers affect the course of the war? Push for Emancipation Abolitionists push for Lincoln to face issue Frederick Douglass & William L. Garrison Thousands of abolitionist supporters Slavery unpopular in Europe Seeking European approval Assistance (Great Britain)

African Americans and the War Enslaved African Americans What to do with slaves under Union control? Believed absurd to return to slave owners Early on, forced into labor for Union Considered fugitives Contraband - captured war supplies General John Fremont - set them free Fear loss of border states Lincoln overturns

African Americans and the War Lincoln set to announce plan Lincoln was ready to announce an end to slavery Needed military success 2nd Bull Run failure made him wait to announce

African Americans and the War Antietam (1862) Confederate army advances into Maryland Union Army (McClellan) Finds copy of Lee’s battle plan Lee loses element of surprise Defeats Confederate (Lee) Single Bloodiest Day 23,000 dead or wounded Union took more losses but won Victory Lincoln needed

African Americans and the War Emancipation Proclamation September 22, 1862 Freed slaves In states still in rebellion After Jan 1, 1863 Allowed border states to continue Hoped it would cause Southern states to surrender before deadline

African Americans and the War Emancipation Proclamation North War becomes “about slavery” African Americans Eager to join army & fight Militia Act – black soldiers accepted into the military South Ends desire for negotiated end to war, now must fight to the end Many upset with Lincoln Too soft - Republicans Too much - Democrats

African Americans and the War African Americans Join the Fight 54th Massachusetts Regiment All Black Unit 180,000 African Americans Join Union forces by wars end South Considered, but never enlisted African Americans Free or Slave

African Americans and the War African Americans Join the Fight African Americans help in battle Despite prejudices Generally given lesser tasks Cooking, cleaning, digging Sometimes exposed Battle positions Longest guard duties 3 years before equal pay “mistreated” in war

African Americans and the War African Americans Join the Fight Southern slaves help Union in the fight: Serve as spies, knew terrain Joined Union army Produce food for troops Formed their own military units Many Abandon their masters Fleeing to Union Army, North, or West