November 3, 2017 Warm-Up: Complete the crossword on the back of the Bill Nye worksheet Place your work form yesterday in the center of the table – didn’t get one? I’ll hand them out after I take attendance. HOMEWORK: Get an extra hour of sleep Saturday night!

November 3, 2017 Warm-Up: Complete worksheet Take out notebook for notes – write the following terms and leave a line in-between each word for the definition: 1)Thermal energy, 2) temperature, 3) heat transfer, 4) equilibrium, 5) temperature scales, 6) absolute zero, 7) thermal expansion, 8) conductors, 9) insulators 10) radiation, 11) conduction, 12) convection

What is heat? What is temperature?

Thermal Energy, Temperature and Heat Transfer The terms heat and temperature are often confused by people… Thermal energy is the TOTAL kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy in an object Heat transfer is how thermal energy moves from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature

Remember… Heat likes to go from high to low until it has nowhere else to go! We call that EQUILIBRIUM

…something which has a higher temperature than another does not necessarily contain more heat energy…

Coffee Pot or the North Sea Which is hotter? (temperature) Which contains more energy? (heat) You need to be able to explain your answer http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/heat/

Iceberg or a glass of water Which is hotter? (temperature) Which contains more energy? (heat) You must be prepared to explain your answer http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/temperature/

Temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are three temperature scales. Absolute zero (0 K, or –273ºC) is the lowest possible temperature. Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature. A thermostat works because of the thermal expansion of a bimetallic strip.

Heat Heat is energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Thermal energy will always be transferred from higher to lower temperature. Transfer of thermal energy ends when two objects that are in contact are at the same temperature.

Conductors and Insulators Thermal conductors allow heat to transfer easily Examples include metals such as iron, copper, or aluminum Thermal insulators do not allow heat to transfer easily Examples include plastic, wood, and glass

Heat Transfer Conduction, convection, and radiation are three ways thermal energy is transferred.

Radiation The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves Does NOT require a medium and CAN occur in a vacuum Example: heat radiating from the sun or a fire

Conduction The transfer of energy through direct conduction Can happen in a solid or a liquid, but the molecules in a gas are too far apart for conduction to work well

Convection The transfer of energy by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) Heated molecules rise and cooler molecules sink This creates a circular pattern called a convection current

Question 1 Earth receives energy from the sun by A. Convection B. Conduction C. Radiation D. Temperature

Question 1 Earth receives energy from the sun by A. Convection B. Conduction C. Radiation D. Temperature

Question 2 You have 4 containers of water. The water in each is the same temperature. Which has the greatest thermal energy? A. 5 mL B. 10 mL C. 15 mL D. 50 mL

Question 2 You have 4 containers of water. The water in each is the same temperature. Which has the greatest thermal energy? A. 5 mL B. 10 mL C. 15 mL D. 50 mL

Question 3 The illustration shows the movement of thermal energy from a hot liquid to a metal spoon. What method of heat transfer is occurring? A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Temperature

Question 3 The illustration shows the movement of thermal energy from a hot liquid to a metal spoon. What method of heat transfer is occurring? A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Temperature

Question 4 In gases, heat transfer often occurs by A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Thermal energy

Question 4 In gases, heat transfer often occurs by A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Thermal energy

Penguin Convection!

Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1ºC. Energy transferred by heat cannot be measured directly. It must be calculated using specific heat, mass, and change in temperature.

Specific Heat Formula Q = Heat in Joules M = Mass in grams C = Specific Heat Capacity in Joules/goC T = Temperature Change in OC

Example: How much energy is needed to heat a cup of water to make tea? Heat (J) = 4,184 J/kgOC x 0.2 kg x 55OC 4,184 x 0.2 x 55 = 46,024 Joules Kilograms and Celsius degrees cancel out!

August 23, 2017 Warm-Up: Complete the worksheet Answer in complete sentences HOMEWORK: Read chapter 3, section 2. USA Test Prep due Friday.

States of Matter Poster Four boxes for the 4 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma Draw arrows to and from each box for phase changes In each box have a representation of the particle arrangement Describe shape and volume