McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Background: Congress created Second Bank of the US in 1816 It had a branch in Maryland, which Maryland tried to tax McCulloch, the bank’s cashier, refused to pay the tax

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Questions: Could Congress create a National Bank, & could states tax national programs? Decision: Congress had the power to create the Bank & states could not tax in that manner; national law trumps state law

Implied Powers

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Background: Many states required out-of-state steamboat owners to pay high fees to use their waters NY only allowed 2 NY steamboat owners to use their waters A steamboat owner trying to trade in NY and NJ argued that this was unfair

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Question: Could states interfere with interstate trade? Decision: Interstate trade can only be controlled by Congress

Interstate Trade

Unity & Division Chapter 11, Section 3

Era of Good Feelings James Monroe’s presidency (1817-1825) Old in age Citizens liked his old-fashioned ways Democratic Republicans controlled politics Federalist party disappeared… what caused their downfall?

Economic Changes (-) National Bank: charter expired in 1811 (+) Foreign Competition: US’ local industries grew during the Embargo Act & War of 1812 (-) British Goods: Cheap British goods flooded US after the War of 1812 (-) Protective Tariff of 1816: Taxed all European imports; hurt southerners

Sectionalism Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the entire nation Caused by arguments over tariffs

American System Henry Clay’s program to create economic growth in all sections Tariffs National Bank Transportation

American System Recap Clay wanted to… Create a new National Bank Charge high tariffs on imports To benefit Northern factories Spend tariff money on infrastructure To improve transportation of Western & Southern goods Infrastructure: framework, basic structures needed for a building/community

American System Recap Didn’t go into full effect because… Congress didn’t spend tariff money on infrastructure South didn’t want infrastructure improvements

Revolutions in New Spain Why: Most colonists, even the wealthy, had little say in government Demanded a role in government Native Americans were upset over harsh treatment Leaders: Miguel Hidalgo: Mexico Simon Bolivar: Venezuela, Colombia Jose de San Martin: Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador

Revolutions, Continued By 1825, Spain had lost all of its Latin American colonies except Cuba & Puerto Rico Portugal also lost Brazil but peacefully

US vs. Latin American Revolutions Similarities: Both desired a voice in government Both created constitutions Differences: Latin America divided into multiple countries Democracy was not as successful in Latin America

How the US Gained Florida FL had belonged to Spain; refuge for runaway US slaves In 1818, Andrew Jackson & troops headed to FL to conquer Spain was busy fighting in Latin America Adams-Onis Treaty Peace treaty Spain gave FL to US for $5 million

US’ Reaction to the Latin American Revolutions We supported them from afar Many European nations sided with Spain, making the US nervous Also… Russia was claiming land in Oregon Country

Monroe Doctrine (1823) Foreign policy statement by President Monroe to Congress In reaction to Latin American Revolutions Declared that the US would not interfere with European nations or their colonies Warned European nations not to try to regain control of their former Latin American colonies

Monroe Doctrine (1823) Goal: US determined to keep European powers out of the American continents Questions… Why didn’t we want more European colonies in the Americas? Could the US enforce this new policy?

Britain’s Connection Britain supported the Monroe Doctrine… why? Feared that their trade would be hurt if Spain regained its Latin American colonies

Vocabulary Foreign policy: how one nation interacts with another Propaganda: information purposefully spread to grow a certain viewpoint Persona: personality; character

Questions to Discuss When do you think the cartoon was drawn? Who do the people represent? What persona does Uncle Sam display? What does this tell you about the message the US is sending to the rest of the world?