Talkin’ bout a Revolution The Scientific Revolution is different than say the American Revolution There is no generally agreed upon start and end date In fact there is even debate if a Scientific Revolution even took place

Talkin’ bout a Revolution For our purposes let’s say that a Scientific Revolution DID take place The Scientific Revolution took place between the mid 1500’s to the mid 1700’s

Talkin’ bout a Revolution During this time period there were tremendous advances in areas such as astronomy, mathematics, biology, medicine, physics, among other areas It was during this time period that what we would call modern science was born

The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution began during the Renaissance With the rediscovery of Greek and Roman texts there was also a rediscovery of scientific ideas

Let’s start with

Nicolaus Copernicus One of the events which is pointed to as the start of the Scientific Revolution is Nicolaus Copernicus publishing a book entitled On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Copernicus was a Polish astronomer Lived in the 15th and 16th centuries

Nicolaus Copernicus This book written by Copernicus suggested a heliocentric model of the Universe as opposed to geocentric model of the Universe The geocentric model states that the Earth is the center of the Universe The heliocentric model states that the Sun is the center of the Universe

Nicolaus Copernicus Literally reshaped how European’s view of the universe and people’s place in the universe and the overall view of accepted scientific truths Demonstrates a major shift in the approach to science Credited with initiating the Scientific Revolution

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian astronomer and scientist 16th and 17th centuries He is most commonly remembered as the first person to use a telescope Though this is for the most part true he did a lot more than this

Galileo Galilei Through his use of the telescope Galileo made many important discoveries These discoveries include: Sun Spots 4 Moons of Jupiter Mountains on the Moon Strong evidence to support the Heliocentric Model of the Universe

Sun Spots

4 Moons of Jupiter

Mountains on the Moon

Galileo and the Heliocentric Universe In his book Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems Galileo compares theories on the Universe Also made huge advancement in observational science, especially in laws of motion and inertia

Galileo and the Church Galileo’s writing on the heliocentric universe was convicted of “grave suspicion of heresy” as part of the Roman Inquisition This lead to Galileo being placed under house arrest for the last 9 years of his life

Trial of Galileo

Johannes Kepler German mathematician and astronomer 16th and 17th Centuries Used Protestant belief in scientific arguments Believed God created the world according to an intelligible plan that is accessible through the natural light of reason

Johannes Kepler Kepler built on the works of Copernicus and Galileo He made improvements to the telescope, making it more powerful Kepler is best remembered for his Laws of Planetary Motion

Johannes Kepler Kepler described how the planets orbited around the sun He described the orbit of planets as an ellipse as opposed to a circle Kepler put a strong emphasis on God in his work

Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon English lawyer and philosopher during the 16th and 17th Century

Francis Bacon Bacon was not actually primarily a scientist Rather he spent more of his time focused on practice philosophy and law He brought principles of philosophy and law to the practice of science

Francis Bacon In 1620 Bacon wrote a book entitled New Method The new method attempted to replace that of Aristotle Bacon relied on something called inductive reasoning and empiricism

Francis Bacon Inductive reasoning means moving from particular to a more general In Bacon’s method scientist start with a hypothesis The goal was to create general understanding of the world and universal truths

Francis Bacon After the creation of the hypothesis scientists would make lots of observations and collect data This data and observations would come from a series of test and experiments

Isaac Newton English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosophy in the 17th and 18th Century

Isaac Newton Isaac Newton is one the greatest scientists ever His contributions impacted: mathematics, physics, astronomy, philosophy He is best remembered for his Universal Laws of Gravity

Isaac Newton Newton published a book called Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy or The Principa In this Newton described the natural laws which governed the Earth and the Universe Demonstrates the universe is ruled by reason

Newton’s Laws of Motion Objects in Motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest tend to stay at rest Acceleration of an object is dependent on the amount of force put on that object For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction