The Road to Revolution: (1763-1776)

Warm up England saw itself as the parent in a mother-child relationship with the 13 colonies. How would you rate England’s parenting skills before 1763? Why?

Main Idea/objective I can explain the effects of England’s changed colonial policy starting in 1763.

Key Vocabulary “Taxation without representation” (conflict) Parliament (taxation without representation) Assemblies (representative government) Proclamation 1763 Stamp Act (taxation without representation) Stamp Act Congress (citizen action, protest) Sons of Liberty, Sam Adams Committees of Correspondence (citizen action, protest) Quartering Act (individual rights, conflict) Sugar Act, Tea Act, Townshend Acts (conflict) Boston Tea Party (citizen action, protest) Edenton Tea Party (citizen action, protest) Gaspee Incident Intolerable/Coercive Acts Revolutionary War

England’s Treatment of the 13 Colonies Before 1763 England’s Treatment of the 13 Colonies After 1763 Salutary Neglect England neglects the 13 colonies in America by not strictly enforcing laws.   Indirect Taxation England allowed the 13 colonies to make their own taxes through their elected assemblies. Strict Enforcement of Laws England becomes much stricter because it grows tired of Americans ignoring the laws and costing England money. Direct Taxation Parliament begins directly taxing the 13 colonies because of the debt from the French and Indian War.

England 13 Colonies Views on Taxation Parliament could directly make laws/taxes for the 13 colonies. The King/England owned the 13 colonies, so England did represent the 13 colonies. Only elected representatives in Assemblies directly made laws/taxes for the 13 colonies. Thought it was their right to ONLY be taxed by those who represented them (elected officials) Views on Colonial Assemblies Believed colonial Assemblies existed to carry out the orders from Parliament and the King. Believed colonial Assemblies existed to carry out the will of the people in the colonies.

Control Liberty

Proclamation 1763 King George III: Forbids colonists to settle any farther west beyond Appalachian Mountains This was done to bring more peace between colonists and Native Americans

Sugar Act, 1764 Parliament makes colonists pay a tax on sugar, molasses

Quartering Act, 1765 Law required colonists to provide shelter and food for British soldiers stationed in the 13 colonies.

Stamp Act, 1765 Parliament requires a stamp to be paid for and placed on legal documents (wills, contracts, marriage certificates, deeds) and newspapers and diplomas.

Colonists’ Reaction Sons of Liberty: Established to resist England’s attempts to directly tax the colonists “No taxation without representation” Formed Stamp Act Congress

Tar and Feathering

Stamp Act Congress, 1765 It was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation, specifically the hated Stamp Act

Committees of Correspondence Purpose  warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br.  broaden the resistance movement.

Townshend Acts, 1767 Parliament placed an import tax on tea, paint, lead, and glass. And Parliament gave British officials the authority to issue writs of assistance (search warrants) for smuggled goods.

Vice Admiralty Courts Juryless courts located in 13 colonies that were granted jurisdiction over local legal matters related to maritime activities. Judges were given 5% of confiscated cargo if they found a smuggling defendant guilty. This gave judges financial incentive to find defendants guilty.

Boston Massacre, 1770 Boston was the center of the most fierce resistance against the British. Led by Samuel Adams, the Sons of Liberty threatened “we will destroy every soldier which dare put his foot on shore…..I look upon them as foreign enemies.”

The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)

Tea Act, 1773 British Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts in 1770 but had left the tax on imported tea.

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Intolerable/Coercive Acts, 1774 King George and Parliament angry at colonists for rebellious acts. Intolerable Acts: Port Act=closes port of Boston Gov’t Act=England directly controls gov’t in Boston Quartering Act=British troops can be housed in colonists’ houses

Fighting Begins Revolutionary War begins with “shot heard round the world” at Lexington and Concord 1775. Declaration of Independence approved July 4, 1776.