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Ensuring Quality in civil Construction Presented by : Er. P. Das,(M.Tech.Civil )A.E, Jatni. Under the guidance of Er. Mahendra Kumar Mohanty EE,DRDA,KHORDA

Definition of Quality Quality means excellence. It is thus a philosophy rather than a mere attribute. The difference between two objects is judged by their qualities. We set some standards which determine the level of acceptability.

Quality control:- Quality control means rational use of resources. Quality control procedures implement:- appropriate mixing, proper compaction, correct placement and adequate curing. Quality control prevents temptation of over design.

Quality Controls----- Quality control ensures:- strict monitoring of every stage of concrete production and rectification of faults. Quality control reduces maintenance costs.

Plan, Do, Check and Act cycle for assuring quality Plan :-quality Do :- Working systematically Check:- checking with non conformance Act :-Upon the result

The construction materials like sand, bricks, Knowing the 20 No mistakes occurr during construction phase ( for planning purpose ) The cement sand mix in the mortar and brick masonry is made quite early, prior to its use and in larger quantities than required. The construction materials like sand, bricks, Aggregate etc are not washed and are full of deleterious material and dust.

construction mistakes Compaction of bottom strata in foundation work is not carried out. During concreting of footing, the concrete is poured at a height greater than 1m. Generally, trapezoidal footings are resorted to where concrete is never vibrated.

construction mistakes Reinforced concrete column, being an important part of the structure are neither mechanically vibrated nor machine mixed. They are cast in short lifts with increased number of joints. Cover to reinforcement in column, beams and slabs is insufficient.

construction mistakes No cover to reinforcement in contact of the ground Misalignment of column at foundation level and rectification at higher level, leading to eccentric loading. Reinforced coping at plinth level being an important barrier to dampness is never densely cast.

construction mistakes The plinth filling is never carried out in layers nor compacted. At the joints of Reinforced concrete and brick masonry, either :- the RC surface is not roughned or filling of mortar at the joint is not evident.

construction mistakes The joint of brick masonry at larger height are improperly racked. Mixing ratio in plaster and brick masonry is not maintained.

construction mistakes In the case where beams are cast prior to slabs : In large slabs, the concrete in beams starts setting before casting of RC slab. The concrete spilled on the sides of beams while casting is never removed which gets set subsequently

construction mistakes Reinforcement of RC column is kept exposed above RC slab.  Hacking to concrete surface is poorly done prior to Plastering. Bearing to lintels on both the ends is not sufficient.

construction mistakes In load bearing structure ,secondary beams are resting directly on the walls giving point loading. Proper care for uplift pressure in black cotton soil is not taken in by proving with ground beam Combined footing

Improper bonding between concrete and brick masonry. Result of mistakes. The above 20 no construction mistakes may result in Cracks in concrete. Improper bonding between concrete and brick masonry. Spillage of plaster. Dampness of walls. Leakage of slabs. Cracks in brick masonry. Settlement of foundation and walls.

Causes of mistakes Causes for poor quality can be summarized as ignorance, poor materials, poor design, poor detailing, poor workmanship, improper quantity of cement, improper concrete mix, excess water, inadequate compaction, substandard forms, inadequate curing, inadequate cover, poor construction practices, poor supervision and above all lack of technical knowledge.

Effectiveness of the Existing system in quality vulnerability reduction

Relation between Quality and Cost With the increase of quality of design, cost increase is exponential but value addition initially increases, but starts saturating at of some point. Hence the optimum cost is arrived when slope of both the curves is same .

Economics of Quality of Conformance One can note that with the increase of quality of construction, cost of quality control gets saturated. Thus we can arrive at optimum quality for minimum cost from total cost of the construction.

Case Study Project : Community Centre Scheme : MPLAD GP: Gangapada Est.Cost :-3.96 Lakh Steps taken : The entire reinforcement was wrong, and was removed as per the design requirement Of the slab

Immediate Execution of the work Use of machinery and technology CONCLUSIONS: 100% quality in PR Deptt. can not be controlled it can only be managed by :- Immediate Execution of the work Use of machinery and technology Experienced quality engineer Distributing quality manuals to the people More no of supervision to the site

Thank you